Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the different nanoparticles (Cu NPs, KI NPs, Ag NPs, Bd NPs, and Gv NPs) against 4th instar Spodoptera frugiperda larvae as well as the microbial toxicity, phytotoxicity, and soil pH. Nanoparticles were tested at three concentrations (1000, 10000, and 100000 ppm) using two methods (food dip and larvae dip) against S. frugiperda larvae. Results (from the larval dip method) showed that among the nanoparticles, the KI NPs caused 63%, 98%, and 98% mortality within 5 days in the treatment of 1000, 10000, and 100000 ppm, respectively. After 24 h post treatment, a 1000 ppm concentration showed 95%, 54%, and 94% germination rates in Metarhizium anisopliae , Beauveria bassiana , and Trichoderma harzianum , respectively. The phytotoxicity evaluation clearly showed that NPs did not affect the morphology of the corn plants after the treatment. The soil nutrient analysis results showed that no effect was observed in soil pH or soil nutrients compared to control treatments. The study clearly showed that nanoparticles are caused toxic effect against S. frugiperda larvae.
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Claims 2
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticles did not visibly affect corn morphology.
- Taxon
- corn plants
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- NPse0
- Outcome
- morphology of the corn plantse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NPs did not affect the morphology of the corn plants after the treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticles did not affect soil pH or nutrients relative to controls.
- Taxon
- corn plantsZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- nanoparticlest0
- Outcome
- soil pH or soil nutrientse0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Comparator
- control treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no effect was observed in soil pH or soil nutrients compared to control treatments”
e1“morphology of the corn plants”
t0“nanoparticles”
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