Abstract
Plant viruses move through plasmodesmata to infect new cells. The plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is interconnected among cells via the ER desmotubule in the plasmodesma across the cell wall, forming a continuous ER network throughout the entire plant. This ER continuity is unique to plants and has been postulated to serve as a platform for the intercellular trafficking of macromolecules. In the present study, the contribution of the plant ER membrane transport system to the intercellular trafficking of the NSm movement protein and Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) is investigated. We showed that TSWV NSm is physically associated with the ER membrane in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. An NSm-GFP fusion protein transiently expressed in single leaf cells was trafficked into neighboring cells. Mutations in NSm that impaired its association with the ER or caused its mis-localization to other subcellular sites inhibited cell-to-cell trafficking. Pharmacological disruption of the ER network severely inhibited NSm-GFP trafficking but not GFP diffusion. In the Arabidopsis thaliana mutant rhd3 with an impaired ER network, NSm-GFP trafficking was significantly reduced, whereas GFP diffusion was not affected. We also showed that the ER-to-Golgi secretion pathway and the cytoskeleton transport systems were not involved in the intercellular trafficking of TSWV NSm. Importantly, TSWV cell-to-cell spread was delayed in the ER-defective rhd3 mutant, and this reduced viral infection was not due to reduced replication. On the basis of robust biochemical, cellular and genetic analysis, we established that the ER membrane transport system serves as an important direct route for intercellular trafficking of NSm and TSWV.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
TSWV NSm was physically associated with the ER membrane in Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Interactor
- TSWV
Orthotospovirus tomatomaculaee0pathogen - Gene
- TSWV NSme0
- Outcome
- physically associated with the ER membranee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We showed that TSWV NSm is physically associated with the ER membrane in Nicotiana benthamiana plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
NSm-GFP moved from single leaf cells into neighboring cells.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Organ / stage
- leaf cellse0
- Interactor
- TSWVOrthotospovirus tomatomaculaet1pathogen
- Gene
- NSm-GFPe0
- Outcome
- trafficked into neighboring cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An NSm-GFP fusion protein transiently expressed in single leaf cells was trafficked into neighboring cells.”
t0“We showed that TSWV NSm is physically associated with the ER membrane in Nicotiana benthamiana plants.”
t1“Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV)”
Claim · model-written summary
NSm mutations impairing ER association inhibited cell-to-cell trafficking.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- Mutations in NSm that impaired its association with the ERe0
- Interactor
- TSWVOrthotospovirus tomatomaculaet1pathogen
- Gene
- NSme0
- Outcome
- cell-to-cell traffickinge0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mutations in NSm that impaired its association with the ER or caused its mis-localization to other subcellular sites inhibited cell-to-cell trafficking.”
t0“We showed that TSWV NSm is physically associated with the ER membrane in Nicotiana benthamiana plants.”
t1“Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV)”
Claim · model-written summary
NSm mutations causing mislocalization inhibited cell-to-cell trafficking.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- caused its mis-localization to other subcellular sitese0
- Interactor
- TSWVOrthotospovirus tomatomaculaet1pathogen
- Gene
- NSme0
- Outcome
- cell-to-cell traffickinge0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mutations in NSm that impaired its association with the ER or caused its mis-localization to other subcellular sites inhibited cell-to-cell trafficking.”
t0“We showed that TSWV NSm is physically associated with the ER membrane in Nicotiana benthamiana plants.”
t1“Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pharmacological ER disruption severely inhibited NSm-GFP trafficking.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- Pharmacological disruption of the ER networke0
- Interactor
- TSWVOrthotospovirus tomatomaculaet1pathogen
- Outcome
- NSm-GFP traffickinge0
- Direction
- severely inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pharmacological disruption of the ER network severely inhibited NSm-GFP trafficking but not GFP diffusion.”
t0“We showed that TSWV NSm is physically associated with the ER membrane in Nicotiana benthamiana plants.”
t1“Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pharmacological ER disruption did not inhibit GFP diffusion.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- Pharmacological disruption of the ER networke0
- Outcome
- GFP diffusione0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pharmacological disruption of the ER network severely inhibited NSm-GFP trafficking but not GFP diffusion.”
t0“We showed that TSWV NSm is physically associated with the ER membrane in Nicotiana benthamiana plants.”
t1“Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV)”
Claim · model-written summary
NSm-GFP trafficking was significantly reduced in Arabidopsis rhd3.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Material
- rhd3e0
- Treatment
- impaired ER networke0
- Outcome
- NSm-GFP traffickinge0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the Arabidopsis thaliana mutant rhd3 with an impaired ER network, NSm-GFP trafficking was significantly reduced, whereas GFP diffusion was not affected.”
Claim · model-written summary
GFP diffusion was unaffected in Arabidopsis rhd3.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Material
- rhd3e0
- Treatment
- impaired ER networke0
- Outcome
- GFP diffusione0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the Arabidopsis thaliana mutant rhd3 with an impaired ER network, NSm-GFP trafficking was significantly reduced, whereas GFP diffusion was not affected.”
Claim · model-written summary
The ER-to-Golgi secretion pathway was not involved in TSWV NSm intercellular trafficking.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Interactor
- TSWVOrthotospovirus tomatomaculaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- intercellular trafficking of TSWV NSme0
- Qualifier
- ER-to-Golgi secretion pathwaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We also showed that the ER-to-Golgi secretion pathway and the cytoskeleton transport systems were not involved in the intercellular trafficking of TSWV NSm.”
t0“In the Arabidopsis thaliana mutant rhd3 with an impaired ER network, NSm-GFP trafficking was significantly reduced, whereas GFP diffusion was not affected.”
Claim · model-written summary
The cytoskeleton transport systems was not involved in TSWV NSm intercellular trafficking.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Interactor
- TSWVOrthotospovirus tomatomaculaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- intercellular trafficking of TSWV NSme0
- Qualifier
- cytoskeleton transport systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We also showed that the ER-to-Golgi secretion pathway and the cytoskeleton transport systems were not involved in the intercellular trafficking of TSWV NSm.”
t0“In the Arabidopsis thaliana mutant rhd3 with an impaired ER network, NSm-GFP trafficking was significantly reduced, whereas GFP diffusion was not affected.”
Claim · model-written summary
TSWV cell-to-cell spread was delayed in ER-defective rhd3.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- rhd3e0
- Treatment
- ER-defective rhd3 mutante0
- Interactor
- TSWVOrthotospovirus tomatomaculaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- TSWV cell-to-cell spreade0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TSWV cell-to-cell spread was delayed in the ER-defective rhd3 mutant, and this reduced viral infection was not due to reduced replication.”
t0“In the Arabidopsis thaliana mutant rhd3 with an impaired ER network, NSm-GFP trafficking was significantly reduced, whereas GFP diffusion was not affected.”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced viral infection in rhd3 was not due to reduced replication.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Interactor
- TSWVOrthotospovirus tomatomaculaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- reduced viral infectione0
- Qualifier
- not due to reduced replicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TSWV cell-to-cell spread was delayed in the ER-defective rhd3 mutant, and this reduced viral infection was not due to reduced replication.”
t0“In the Arabidopsis thaliana mutant rhd3 with an impaired ER network, NSm-GFP trafficking was significantly reduced, whereas GFP diffusion was not affected.”
Claim · model-written summary
ER membrane transport was identified as a direct route for NSm and TSWV movement between cells.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Interactor
- TSWVOrthotospovirus tomatomaculaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- intercellular trafficking of NSm and TSWVe0
- Qualifier
- ER membrane transport systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the ER membrane transport system serves as an important direct route for intercellular trafficking of NSm and TSWV.”
t0“In the Arabidopsis thaliana mutant rhd3 with an impaired ER network, NSm-GFP trafficking was significantly reduced, whereas GFP diffusion was not affected.”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · Orthotospovirus tomatomaculae · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →loss of function · Orthotospovirus tomatomaculae · Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.