Abstract
In order to study the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sunflower (Alestar hybrid) under the effects of bio fertilizer and winter wheat as a green manure, in combination with the integrated nitrogen sources (chemical-farmyard manure, FYM), an experiment was carried out on experimental farm at the Faculty of Agriculture of Tarbiat Modares University in Tehran (Iran) during 2008. The experimental design was a split plot in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in which seven fertilizer treatments, namely F1 (100% FYM), F2 (75% FYM + 25% chemical), F3 (50% FYM + 50% chemical), F4 (25% FYM + 75% chemical), F5 (100% chemical), F6 (50% FYM + 50% chemical + green manure) and F7 (75% FYM + 25% chemical + green manure), were randomized to the main plot units and two levels of bio fertilizer I1 (inoculation) and I0 (control) to the sub-plot units. The results revealed that for grain and biological yield, yield components in integrated systems was significantly more than in organic and chemical systems. The highest grain yield (3034.5 kg/ha), head weight (90.06 g), head diameter (19.40 cm), 1000 seed weight (67.99 g) and seed number in head (925.5) were obtained in the F6 treatment (F6>F3>F4>F7>F2>F5>F1). Inoculation of bio fertilizer improved the grain yield and yield components, oil and protein content and the oil quality of sunflower compared with untreated plants. Saturated fatty acids decreased significantly, while unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic acid and oleic acid) increased in response to raising the organic manure and using bio fertilizer.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated systems had significantly greater grain and biological yield and yield components than organic and chemical systems.
- Taxon
- SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- integrated systemse0
- Outcome
- grain and biological yield, yield componentse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- organic and chemical systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for grain and biological yield, yield components in integrated systems was significantly more than in organic and chemical systems.”
t0“SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
F6 produced the highest grain yield at 3034.5 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)Helianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- F6 treatmente0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 3034.5 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- F3>F4>F7>F2>F5>F1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest grain yield (3034.5 kg/ha), head weight (90.06 g), head diameter (19.40 cm), 1000 seed weight (67.99 g) and seed number in head (925.5) were obtained in the F6 treatment (F6>F3>F4>F7>F2>F5>F1).”
t0“SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
F6 produced the highest head weight at 90.06 g.
- Taxon
- SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)Helianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- F6 treatmente0
- Outcome
- head weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 90.06 ge0
- Comparator
- F3>F4>F7>F2>F5>F1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest grain yield (3034.5 kg/ha), head weight (90.06 g), head diameter (19.40 cm), 1000 seed weight (67.99 g) and seed number in head (925.5) were obtained in the F6 treatment (F6>F3>F4>F7>F2>F5>F1).”
t0“SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
F6 produced the highest head diameter at 19.40 cm.
- Taxon
- SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)Helianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- F6 treatmente0
- Outcome
- head diametere0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 19.40 cme0
- Comparator
- F3>F4>F7>F2>F5>F1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest grain yield (3034.5 kg/ha), head weight (90.06 g), head diameter (19.40 cm), 1000 seed weight (67.99 g) and seed number in head (925.5) were obtained in the F6 treatment (F6>F3>F4>F7>F2>F5>F1).”
t0“SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
F6 produced the highest 1000 seed weight at 67.99 g.
- Taxon
- SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)Helianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- F6 treatmente0
- Outcome
- 1000 seed weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 67.99 ge0
- Comparator
- F3>F4>F7>F2>F5>F1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest grain yield (3034.5 kg/ha), head weight (90.06 g), head diameter (19.40 cm), 1000 seed weight (67.99 g) and seed number in head (925.5) were obtained in the F6 treatment (F6>F3>F4>F7>F2>F5>F1).”
t0“SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
F6 produced the highest seed number per head at 925.5.
- Taxon
- SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)Helianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- F6 treatmente0
- Outcome
- seed number in heade0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 925.5e0
- Comparator
- F3>F4>F7>F2>F5>F1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest grain yield (3034.5 kg/ha), head weight (90.06 g), head diameter (19.40 cm), 1000 seed weight (67.99 g) and seed number in head (925.5) were obtained in the F6 treatment (F6>F3>F4>F7>F2>F5>F1).”
t0“SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer inoculation improved sunflower grain yield and yield components.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of bio fertilizere0
- Outcome
- grain yield and yield componentse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of bio fertilizer improved the grain yield and yield components, oil and protein content and the oil quality of sunflower compared with untreated plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer inoculation improved sunflower oil and protein content and oil quality.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of bio fertilizere0
- Outcome
- oil and protein content and the oil qualitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of bio fertilizer improved the grain yield and yield components, oil and protein content and the oil quality of sunflower compared with untreated plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater organic manure and biofertilizer reduced saturated fatty acids significantly.
- Taxon
- SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)Helianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- raising the organic manure and using bio fertilizere0
- Outcome
- Saturated fatty acidse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Saturated fatty acids decreased significantly, while unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic acid and oleic acid) increased in response to raising the organic manure and using bio fertilizer.”
t0“SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater organic manure and biofertilizer increased unsaturated fatty acids, including linoleic and oleic acids.
- Taxon
- SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)Helianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- raising the organic manure and using bio fertilizere0
- Outcome
- unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic acid and oleic acid)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Saturated fatty acids decreased significantly, while unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic acid and oleic acid) increased in response to raising the organic manure and using bio fertilizer.”
t0“SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)”
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