Abstract
The ability of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) to convert insoluble forms of phosphorus to an accessible form is an important trait in sustainable farming for increasing plant yields. The beneficial effects of PSB on crop productivity have been widely described, but the use of PSB as biofertilizer is scarcely documented in sunflower. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of application of PSB, Bacillus M-13, with and without varying amounts of phosphorus (P) fertilizer on growth and yield of sunflower under field conditions. The PSB application was able to mobilize P efficiently in the sunflower and improved seed quality and oil yield. It also enhanced the head diameter, 1000 seed weight, kernel ratio and oil content and led to seed and oil yield increases of 15.0 and 24.7% over no application, respectively. However, when PSB was used in conjunction with P fertilizers, a much greater effect was observed. It was found that the highest seed yield of sunflower possible with 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 fertilizer was achieved with about 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 when used in conjunction with PSB. But the important effect of PSB on oil yield was noted at 100 kg P2O5 ha-1, possibly indicating increased PSB activity in the rhizosphere following PSB application and consequently by enhanced P solubilization as evidenced by the higher levels of P content of seed.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
PSB mobilized phosphorus in sunflower.
Helianthus annuusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The PSB application was able to mobilize P efficiently in the sunflower”
t0“sunflower”
e1“over no application”
e2“The PSB application was able to mobilize P efficiently in the sunflower and improved seed quality and oil yield. It also enhanced the head diameter, 1000 seed weight, kernel ratio and oil content and led to seed and oil yield increases of 15.0 and 24.7% over no application”
e3“highest seed yield of sunflower possible with 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
PSB improved seed quality.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improved seed quality and oil yield”
t0“sunflower”
e1“over no application”
e2“The PSB application was able to mobilize P efficiently in the sunflower and improved seed quality and oil yield. It also enhanced the head diameter, 1000 seed weight, kernel ratio and oil content and led to seed and oil yield increases of 15.0 and 24.7% over no application”
e3“highest seed yield of sunflower possible with 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
PSB enhanced head diameter, seed weight, kernel ratio and oil content.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced the head diameter, 1000 seed weight, kernel ratio and oil content”
t0“sunflower”
e1“over no application”
e2“The PSB application was able to mobilize P efficiently in the sunflower and improved seed quality and oil yield. It also enhanced the head diameter, 1000 seed weight, kernel ratio and oil content and led to seed and oil yield increases of 15.0 and 24.7% over no application”
e3“highest seed yield of sunflower possible with 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
PSB increased seed yield by 15.0%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed and oil yield increases of 15.0 and 24.7% over no application”
t0“sunflower”
e1“over no application”
e2“The PSB application was able to mobilize P efficiently in the sunflower and improved seed quality and oil yield. It also enhanced the head diameter, 1000 seed weight, kernel ratio and oil content and led to seed and oil yield increases of 15.0 and 24.7% over no application”
e3“highest seed yield of sunflower possible with 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
PSB increased oil yield by 24.7%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed and oil yield increases of 15.0 and 24.7% over no application”
t0“sunflower”
e1“over no application”
e2“The PSB application was able to mobilize P efficiently in the sunflower and improved seed quality and oil yield. It also enhanced the head diameter, 1000 seed weight, kernel ratio and oil content and led to seed and oil yield increases of 15.0 and 24.7% over no application”
e3“highest seed yield of sunflower possible with 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
With PSB, about 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 matched the highest seed yield obtained with 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 alone.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest seed yield of sunflower possible with 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 fertilizer was achieved with about 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 when used in conjunction with PSB”
t0“sunflower”
e1“over no application”
e2“The PSB application was able to mobilize P efficiently in the sunflower and improved seed quality and oil yield. It also enhanced the head diameter, 1000 seed weight, kernel ratio and oil content and led to seed and oil yield increases of 15.0 and 24.7% over no application”
e3“highest seed yield of sunflower possible with 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
The oil-yield effect of PSB was noted at 100 kg P2O5 ha-1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“important effect of PSB on oil yield was noted at 100 kg P2O5 ha-1”
t0“sunflower”
e1“over no application”
e2“The PSB application was able to mobilize P efficiently in the sunflower and improved seed quality and oil yield. It also enhanced the head diameter, 1000 seed weight, kernel ratio and oil content and led to seed and oil yield increases of 15.0 and 24.7% over no application”
e3“highest seed yield of sunflower possible with 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 fertilizer”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.