Abstract
The effect of seed inoculation by VA- mycorrhiza and different levels of phosphorus fertilizer on growth and yield of sunflower (Azargol cultivar) was studied in experiment farm of Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch during 2008 growing season. The experiment treatments were arranged in factorial based on a complete randomized block design with three replications. Four phosphorus fertilizer levels of 25%, 50% 75% and 100% P recommended with two levels of Mycorrhiza: with and without Mycorrhiza (control) were assigned in a factorial combination. Results showed that head diameter, number of seeds in head, seed yield and oil yield were significantly higher in inoculated plants than in non-inoculated plants. Head diameter, number of seeds in head, 1000 seeds weight, biological yield, seed yield and oil yield increased with increasing P level above 75% P recommended in non-inoculated plants, whereas no significant difference was observed between 75% and 100% P recommended. The positive effect of mycorrhizal inoculation decreased with increasing P levels due to decreased percent root colonization at higher P levels. According to the results of this experiment, application of mycorrhiza in present of 50% P recommended had an appropriate performance and could increase seed yield and oil production to an acceptable level, so it could be considered as a suitable substitute for chemical phosphorus fertilizer in organic agricultural systems.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased sunflower head diameter and seeds per head.
- Taxon
- Sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- seed inoculation by VA- mycorrhizae1
- Interactor
- VA- mycorrhizae1symbiont
- Outcome
- head diameter, number of seeds in heade0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“head diameter, number of seeds in head, seed yield and oil yield were significantly higher in inoculated plants than in non-inoculated plants”
e1“seed inoculation by VA- mycorrhiza”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased sunflower seed and oil yield.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- seed inoculation by VA- mycorrhizae1
- Interactor
- VA- mycorrhizae1symbiont
- Outcome
- seed yield and oil yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“head diameter, number of seeds in head, seed yield and oil yield were significantly higher in inoculated plants than in non-inoculated plants”
e1“seed inoculation by VA- mycorrhiza”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing phosphorus above 75% of the recommended rate raised sunflower head diameter, seeds per head and thousand-seed weight in uninoculated plants.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- increasing P level above 75% P recommendede0
- Outcome
- Head diameter, number of seeds in head, 1000 seeds weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- non-inoculated plantse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“Head diameter, number of seeds in head, 1000 seeds weight, biological yield, seed yield and oil yield increased with increasing P level above 75% P recommended in non-inoculated plants, whereas no significant difference was observed between 75% and 100% P recommended”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing phosphorus above 75% of the recommended rate raised biological, seed and oil yields in uninoculated sunflower.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- increasing P level above 75% P recommendede0
- Outcome
- biological yield, seed yield and oil yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- non-inoculated plantse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“Head diameter, number of seeds in head, 1000 seeds weight, biological yield, seed yield and oil yield increased with increasing P level above 75% P recommended in non-inoculated plants, whereas no significant difference was observed between 75% and 100% P recommended”
Claim · model-written summary
The studied sunflower traits did not differ significantly between 75% and 100% of recommended phosphorus.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- 100% P recommendede0
- Outcome
- differencee0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- 75%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“no significant difference was observed between 75% and 100% P recommended”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation benefit declined as phosphorus increased.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal inoculatione0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizale0symbiont
- Outcome
- positive effect of mycorrhizal inoculatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- increasing P levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“The positive effect of mycorrhizal inoculation decreased with increasing P levels due to decreased percent root colonization at higher P levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Root colonization declined at higher phosphorus levels.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- higher P levelse0
- Outcome
- percent root colonizatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“decreased percent root colonization at higher P levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend mycorrhiza with 50% recommended phosphorus as a substitute for chemical phosphorus fertilizer.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- application of mycorrhiza in present of 50% P recommendede0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizae0symbiont
- Outcome
- suitable substitute for chemical phosphorus fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“application of mycorrhiza in present of 50% P recommended had an appropriate performance and could increase seed yield and oil production to an acceptable level, so it could be considered as a suitable substitute for chemical phosphorus fertilizer in organic agricultural systems”
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