Abstract
Chromium (Cr) toxicity significantly threatens sunflower growth and productivity by interfering with enzymatic activity and generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). Zinc quantum dot biochar (ZQDB) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have become popular to resolve this issue. AMF can facilitate root growth, while biochar tends to minimize Cr mobility in soil. The current study aimed to explore AMF and ZQDB combined effects on sunflower plants in response to Cr toxicity. Four treatments were applied, i.e. NoAMF + NoZQDB, AMF + 0.40%ZQDB, AMF + 0.80%ZQDB, and AMF + 1.20%ZQDB, under different stress levels of Cr, i.e. no Cr (control), 150 and 200 mg Cr/kg soil. Results showed that AMF + 1.20%ZQDB was the treatment that caused the greatest improvement in plant height, stem diameter, head diameter, number of leaves per plant, achenes per head, 1000 achenes weight, achene yield, biological yield, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content and oleic acid, relative to the condition NoAMF + No ZQDB at 200 mg Cr/kg soil. A significant decline in peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) while improvement in ascorbate peroxidase (APx), oil content, and protein content further supported the effectiveness of AMF + 1.20%ZQDB against Cr toxicity. Our results suggest that the treatment AMF + 1.20%ZQDB can efficiently alleviate Cr stress in sunflowers.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
AMF plus 1.20% ZQDB most improved sunflower growth and yield traits under 200 mg Cr/kg soil.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- AMF + 1.20%ZQDBe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- achene yield, biological yielde0
- Direction
- greatest improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF + 1.20%ZQDB was the treatment that caused the greatest improvement in plant height, stem diameter, head diameter, number of leaves per plant, achenes per head, 1000 achenes weight, achene yield, biological yield”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF plus 1.20% ZQDB most improved gas exchange, chlorophyll and oleic acid.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- AMF + 1.20%ZQDBe1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- greatest improvemente0
- Comparator
- NoAMF + No ZQDBe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greatest improvement in plant height, stem diameter, head diameter, number of leaves per plant, achenes per head, 1000 achenes weight, achene yield, biological yield, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content and oleic acid, relative to the condition NoAMF + No ZQDB at 200 mg Cr/kg soil”
t0“sunflower growth”
e1“Results showed that AMF + 1.20%ZQDB was the treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF plus 1.20% ZQDB significantly reduced POD, SOD and CAT.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- AMF + 1.20%ZQDBe1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT)e0
- Direction
- declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant decline in peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT)”
t0“sunflower growth”
e1“Results showed that AMF + 1.20%ZQDB was the treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF plus 1.20% ZQDB improved APx, oil and protein content.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- AMF + 1.20%ZQDBe1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- ascorbate peroxidase (APx), oil content, and protein contente0
- Direction
- improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improvement in ascorbate peroxidase (APx), oil content, and protein content”
t0“sunflower growth”
e1“Results showed that AMF + 1.20%ZQDB was the treatment”
The same questions in other papers
zinc atom · yield · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results differ
42 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
42 papers more in this group
See all 46 papers →zinc atom · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
mycorrhiza · physiology: gas exchange · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
biochar · physiology: gas exchange · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
biochar · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →biochar · yield · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
15 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →mycorrhiza · yield · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
15 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.