Abstract
Salinity-affected and heavy metal-contaminated soils limit the growth of glycophytic plants. Identifying genes responsible for superior tolerance to salinity and heavy metals in halophytes has great potential for use in developing salinity- and Cd-tolerant glycophytes. The objective of this study was to identify salinity- and Cd-tolerance related genes in seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum), a halophytic perennial grass species, using yeast cDNA expression library screening method. Based on the Gateway-compatible vector system, a high-quality entry library was constructed, which contained 9.9 × 10(6) clones with an average inserted fragment length of 1.48 kb representing a 100% full-length rate. The yeast expression libraries were screened in a salinity-sensitive and a Cd-sensitive yeast mutant. The screening yielded 32 salinity-tolerant clones harboring 18 salinity-tolerance genes and 20 Cd-tolerant clones, including five Cd-tolerance genes. qPCR analysis confirmed that most of the 18 salinity-tolerance and five Cd-tolerance genes were up-regulated at the transcript level in response to salinity or Cd stress in seashore paspalum. Functional analysis indicated that salinity-tolerance genes from seashore paspalum could be involved mainly in photosynthetic metabolism, antioxidant systems, protein modification, iron transport, vesicle traffic, and phospholipid biosynthesis. Cd-tolerance genes could be associated with regulating pathways that are involved in phytochelatin synthesis, HSFA4-related stress protection, CYP450 complex, and sugar metabolism. The 18 salinity-tolerance genes and five Cd-tolerance genes could be potentially used as candidate genes for genetic modification of glycophytic grass species to improve salinity and Cd tolerance and for further analysis of molecular mechanisms regulating salinity and Cd tolerance.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
A high-quality seashore paspalum entry library contained 9.9 × 10(6) clones.
- Taxon
- Seashore Paspalum
Paspalum vaginatumt0 - Outcome
- entry librarye0
- Value
- 9.9 × 10(6) clonese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seashore Paspalum”
e0“a high-quality entry library was constructed, which contained 9.9 × 10(6) clones with an average inserted fragment length of 1.48 kb representing a 100% full-length rate”
Claim · model-written summary
The library had an average inserted fragment length of 1.48 kb.
- Taxon
- Seashore PaspalumPaspalum vaginatumt0
- Outcome
- average inserted fragment lengthe0
- Value
- 1.48 kbe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seashore Paspalum”
e0“average inserted fragment length of 1.48 kb”
Claim · model-written summary
The library represented a 100% full-length rate.
- Taxon
- Seashore PaspalumPaspalum vaginatumt0
- Outcome
- full-length ratee0
- Value
- 100%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seashore Paspalum”
e0“100% full-length rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Screening found 32 salinity-tolerant clones harboring 18 salinity-tolerance genes.
- Taxon
- Seashore PaspalumPaspalum vaginatumt0
- Outcome
- salinity-tolerant clonese0
- Value
- 32e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seashore Paspalum”
e0“The screening yielded 32 salinity-tolerant clones harboring 18 salinity-tolerance genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Screening identified 18 salinity-tolerance genes.
- Taxon
- Seashore PaspalumPaspalum vaginatumt0
- Outcome
- salinity-tolerance genese0
- Value
- 18e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seashore Paspalum”
e0“32 salinity-tolerant clones harboring 18 salinity-tolerance genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Screening found 20 cadmium-tolerant clones.
- Taxon
- Seashore PaspalumPaspalum vaginatumt0
- Outcome
- Cd-tolerant clonese0
- Value
- 20e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seashore Paspalum”
e0“20 Cd-tolerant clones, including five Cd-tolerance genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Screening identified five cadmium-tolerance genes.
- Taxon
- Seashore PaspalumPaspalum vaginatumt0
- Outcome
- Cd-tolerance genese0
- Value
- fivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seashore Paspalum”
e0“including five Cd-tolerance genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Most salinity-tolerance genes were transcriptionally up-regulated in response to salinity stress.
- Taxon
- Seashore PaspalumPaspalum vaginatumt0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Gene
- salinity-tolerancee0
- Outcome
- transcript levele0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seashore Paspalum”
e0“most of the 18 salinity-tolerance and five Cd-tolerance genes were up-regulated at the transcript level in response to salinity or Cd stress in seashore paspalum”
Claim · model-written summary
Most cadmium-tolerance genes were transcriptionally up-regulated in response to cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- Seashore PaspalumPaspalum vaginatumt0
- Treatment
- Cd stresse0
- Gene
- Cd-tolerance genese0
- Outcome
- transcript levele0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seashore Paspalum”
e0“most of the 18 salinity-tolerance and five Cd-tolerance genes were up-regulated at the transcript level in response to salinity or Cd stress in seashore paspalum”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity-tolerance genes were linked mainly to photosynthesis, antioxidant systems, protein modification, iron transport, vesicle traffic and phospholipid biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- Seashore PaspalumPaspalum vaginatumt0
- Gene
- salinity-tolerance genese0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic metabolism, antioxidant systems, protein modification, iron transport, vesicle traffic, and phospholipid biosynthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seashore Paspalum”
e0“salinity-tolerance genes from seashore paspalum could be involved mainly in photosynthetic metabolism, antioxidant systems, protein modification, iron transport, vesicle traffic, and phospholipid biosynthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium-tolerance genes were associated with phytochelatin synthesis, HSFA4-related protection, CYP450 complex and sugar metabolism.
- Taxon
- Seashore PaspalumPaspalum vaginatumt0
- Gene
- Cd-tolerance genese0
- Outcome
- phytochelatin synthesis, HSFA4-related stress protection, CYP450 complex, and sugar metabolisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seashore Paspalum”
e0“Cd-tolerance genes could be associated with regulating pathways that are involved in phytochelatin synthesis, HSFA4-related stress protection, CYP450 complex, and sugar metabolism”