Abstract
Verticillium dahliae has been reported as a limiting factor in cotton, olive, potato and tomato fields from several countries in the world. Root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne javanica causes considerable damage to olive groves in olive growing areas. Since the presence of these two pathogens in olive trees and seedlings were confirmed in Golestan Province, this study was proposed to find the mode of their action and interaction with olive seedlings in greenhouse. The non-defoliant strain of the fungus (SS-4) was isolated from olive groves showing symptom in Golestan Province. M. javanica was also recovered from the infested olive seedlings. After species identification, it was reared on tomato seedlings var. Rutgers. The larvae were used as a source of inoculum. Conidia and microsclerotia of V. dahliae were used as a source of inoculum for pathogenesis in this study. Stem cuttings of olive cultivar Zard were transplanted in different sets of pots containing 720 ml. of sterilized loamy soil and sandy soil. Experiment was conducted in Completely Randomized Design with 6 treatments and 8 replicates including control, nematode alone, fungus alone, nematode and fungus simultaneously, nematode and fungus concomitantly, fungus two weeks prior to nematode, nematode and fungus concomitantly, nematode two weeks prior to fungus. Pots were inoculated with 1500 larvae of nematodes and 7200 microsclerotia of V. dahliae. Experiment was terminated after 9 months and following parameters were determined i.e. fresh weight of roots, number of galls and females, per root system and discoloration of leaf and root tissues. Presence of nematode prior to fungus caused reduction in colonization of fungus in the roots and the stems and vis presence of fungus prior to nematode caused reduction in number of galls produced by nematode. Sever symptom on aerial parts of plant was observed when both pathogens were inoculated simultaneously. However fresh weight of roots was reduced in all treatments. Galling and population density in root system were higher in pots filled with sandy soil than in loamy soil, but fungal colonization in roots and stems was much more in seedlings grown in loamy soil and diseases symptoms in aerial parts of plants were much severe in plants grown in loamy soil than in pots with sandy soil.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode inoculation before fungus reduced fungal colonization in olive roots and stems.
- Taxon
- olive seedlings
Olea europaeat0 - Treatment
- nematode prior to funguse0
- Outcome
- colonization of fungus in the roots and the stemse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Presence of nematode prior to fungus caused reduction in colonization of fungus in the roots and the stems”
t0“olive seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungus inoculation before nematode reduced nematode gall production.
- Taxon
- olive seedlingsOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- fungus prior to nematodee0
- Outcome
- number of galls produced by nematodee0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“presence of fungus prior to nematode caused reduction in number of galls produced by nematode”
t0“olive seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Simultaneous inoculation caused severe aerial symptoms.
- Taxon
- olive seedlingsOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- both pathogens were inoculated simultaneouslye0
- Outcome
- symptom on aerial parts of plante0
- Direction
- Severe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sever symptom on aerial parts of plant was observed when both pathogens were inoculated simultaneously”
t0“olive seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Olive root fresh weight was reduced across all treatments.
- Taxon
- olive seedlingsOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- all treatmentse0
- Outcome
- fresh weight of rootse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fresh weight of roots was reduced in all treatments”
t0“olive seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode galling and population density were higher in sandy than loamy soil.
- Taxon
- olive seedlingsOlea europaeat0
- Outcome
- Galling and population density in root systeme0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- loamy soile0
- Setting
- sandy soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Galling and population density in root system were higher in pots filled with sandy soil than in loamy soil”
t0“olive seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal colonization was greater in olive seedlings grown in loamy soil.
- Taxon
- olive seedlingsOlea europaeat0
- Outcome
- fungal colonization in roots and stemse0
- Direction
- much moree0
- Setting
- loamy soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fungal colonization in roots and stems was much more in seedlings grown in loamy soil”
t0“olive seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Aerial disease symptoms were more severe in loamy than sandy soil.
- Taxon
- olive seedlingsOlea europaeat0
- Outcome
- diseases symptoms in aerial parts of plantse0
- Direction
- much severee0
- Comparator
- sandy soile0
- Setting
- loamy soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“diseases symptoms in aerial parts of plants were much severe in plants grown in loamy soil than in pots with sandy soil”
t0“olive seedlings”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · disease · Olea europaea (common olive)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 17 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.