Abstract
Application of PGPR in crop production and protection is well known and can also contribute in reducing use of agrochemicals. However, the performance of PGPR is influenced by various biotic and abiotic factors. Isolating new efficient PGPR strain well adapted to local soil agroclimatic conditions is expected to perform with more consistency. In this study five selected rhizobacteria isolated previously were first tested in vitro for plant growth promoting (PGP) characteristics. One of the isolate PNF16 was identified as Paenibacillus durus by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. PNF16 alone and in combination with other rhizobacteria (Azotobacter (AZT3), Achromobacter (PNF11), Bacillus (Bc1), Pseudomonas (Ps5) and Mesorhizobium (IARI) were tested for plant growth promoting effect under pot conditions in two consecutive years. PNF16 was found to produce 21.7 µg ml-1 of indole acetic acid like substances, hydroxymate type of siderophores (Salicylate type 11 µg ml-1 and benzoate type 6.5 µg ml-1) and solubilized phosphate (405.33 µg ml-1). PNF16 -Mesorhizobium combination was found significantly better compared to other combinations for growth parameters, nodulation and yield of chickpea over control. Similar study was also performed for other tested strain. Significant increase in plant growth (32%), nodulation (43%) compared to untreated control was recorded. Co-inoculation also showed synergy and increased the number of pods per plant, 1000-grain weight, dry matter yield, grain yield and protein content by 23%, 22%, 21%, 18% and 4.4% respectively, compared to control. The results indicated the potential usefulness of PNF16 alone and in combinations in enhancement of nodulation and stimulation of plant growth in chickpea and adapted to soil condition of the region.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
PNF16 was identified as Paenibacillus durus.
- Taxon
- CHICKPEA
Cicer arietinumt0 - Interactor
- Paenibacillus durusPaenibacillus duruse0
- Outcome
- identified as Paenibacillus duruse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“One of the isolate PNF16 was identified as Paenibacillus durus by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis”
t0“CHICKPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
PNF16 produced 21.7 µg ml-1 indole acetic acid like substances.
- Taxon
- CHICKPEACicer arietinumt0
- Interactor
- PNF16e0
- Outcome
- indole acetic acid like substancese0
- Value
- 21.7 µg ml-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PNF16 was found to produce 21.7 µg ml-1 of indole acetic acid like substances”
t0“CHICKPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
PNF16 produced 11 µg ml-1 salicylate-type siderophores.
- Taxon
- CHICKPEACicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- Salicylate typee0
- Value
- 11 µg ml-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salicylate type 11 µg ml-1”
t0“CHICKPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
PNF16 produced 6.5 µg ml-1 benzoate-type siderophores.
- Taxon
- CHICKPEACicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- benzoate typee0
- Value
- 6.5 µg ml-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“benzoate type 6.5 µg ml-1”
t0“CHICKPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
PNF16 solubilized 405.33 µg ml-1 phosphate.
- Taxon
- CHICKPEACicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- solubilized phosphatee0
- Value
- 405.33 µg ml-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“solubilized phosphate (405.33 µg ml-1)”
t0“CHICKPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
PNF16-Mesorhizobium improved chickpea growth, nodulation and yield over other combinations.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- PNF16 -Mesorhizobium combinatione0
- Interactor
- Mesorhizobium
.jpg?width=60)
Mesorhizobiume0 - Outcome
- growth parameters, nodulation and yielde0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- other combinationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“PNF16 -Mesorhizobium combination was found significantly better compared to other combinations for growth parameters, nodulation and yield of chickpea over control”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea growth increased by 32% versus untreated control.
- Taxon
- CHICKPEACicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 32%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant increase in plant growth (32%), nodulation (43%) compared to untreated control was recorded”
t0“CHICKPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea nodulation increased by 43% versus untreated control.
- Taxon
- CHICKPEACicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- nodulatione0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 43%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant increase in plant growth (32%), nodulation (43%) compared to untreated control was recorded”
t0“CHICKPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation increased pods per plant by 23%.
- Taxon
- CHICKPEACicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Co-inoculatione0
- Outcome
- number of pods per plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 23%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Co-inoculation also showed synergy and increased the number of pods per plant, 1000-grain weight, dry matter yield, grain yield and protein content by 23%, 22%, 21%, 18% and 4.4% respectively, compared to control”
t0“CHICKPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation increased 1000-grain weight by 22%.
- Taxon
- CHICKPEACicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Co-inoculatione0
- Outcome
- 1000-grain weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 22%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Co-inoculation also showed synergy and increased the number of pods per plant, 1000-grain weight, dry matter yield, grain yield and protein content by 23%, 22%, 21%, 18% and 4.4% respectively, compared to control”
t0“CHICKPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation increased dry matter yield by 21%.
- Taxon
- CHICKPEACicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Co-inoculatione0
- Outcome
- dry matter yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 21%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Co-inoculation also showed synergy and increased the number of pods per plant, 1000-grain weight, dry matter yield, grain yield and protein content by 23%, 22%, 21%, 18% and 4.4% respectively, compared to control”
t0“CHICKPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation increased grain yield by 18%.
- Taxon
- CHICKPEACicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Co-inoculatione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 18%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Co-inoculation also showed synergy and increased the number of pods per plant, 1000-grain weight, dry matter yield, grain yield and protein content by 23%, 22%, 21%, 18% and 4.4% respectively, compared to control”
t0“CHICKPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation increased protein content by 4.4%.
- Taxon
- CHICKPEACicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Co-inoculatione0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4.4%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Co-inoculation also showed synergy and increased the number of pods per plant, 1000-grain weight, dry matter yield, grain yield and protein content by 23%, 22%, 21%, 18% and 4.4% respectively, compared to control”
t0“CHICKPEA”
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