Abstract
Saflufenacil is a new herbicide for broadleaf weed control. Limited information is available for crop tolerance, weed control and herbicide behavior in the rice environment. Studies were designed to 1 and 2) evaluate rice tolerance and weed control to saflufenacil in combination with clomazone and imazethapyr; 3) evaluate the absorption and translocation of imazethapyr and saflufenacil in weed species 4) assess saflufenacil degradation and persistence in soils; and 5) investigate the use of reference compounds during the determination of pesticide adsorption (Kd). None or minimal rice injury was observed from preemergence (PRE) application of saflufenacil. Intense injury (68%) was noted with combinations of clomazone (505 g ha-1) applied PRE and saflufenacil (50 g ha-1) applied postemergence (POST). Similarly, rice injury up to 83% was observed in earlier evaluations when saflufenacil was applied POST with imazethapyr. However, subsequent evaluations indicated rice recovery from herbicide treatments. Combination of saflufenacil with imazethapyr resulted in hemp sesbania control ≥ 88% and red rice control of 100%. Rice yield was not adversely altered by the herbicide treatments used in the clomazone and imazethapyr weed control programs. Imazethapyr plus saflufenacil provided a greater uptake (30%) and translocation (35%) of 14C-imazethapyr than imazethapyr alone in the TX4 red rice. Absorption of 14C-saflufenacil ranged from approximately 40 to 60% in hemp sesbania plants. At 12 and 24 hours after treatment a greater percentage of the absorbed saflufenacil was quantified above the treated leaf at the two lower light intensities. Similar trends were observed for basipetal movement of saflufenacil. An accelerated solvent extraction method was developed to extract saflufenacil from soil. Half-life averaged among soils was 59 and 33 days for saturated and field capacity, respectively. Saflufenacil persistence in the environment was 2 to 3 times longer under flooded conditions for most of the studied soils. Adsorption values were affected by soil to solution ratios, particularly when the soil-pesticide interaction resulted in Kd values > than 2 mL g-1. The use of reference compounds during Kd estimation allowed for calculation of a conceptual adsorption window generating a more comprehensive set of data with alternatives for comparison of soils and methods.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Preemergence saflufenacil caused minimal or no rice injury.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- preemergence (PRE) application of saflufenacile0
- Outcome
- rice injurye0
- Direction
- None or minimale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“None or minimal rice injury was observed from preemergence (PRE) application of saflufenacil”
Claim · model-written summary
Preemergence clomazone with postemergence saflufenacil caused 68% rice injury.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- clomazone (505 g ha-1) applied PRE and saflufenacil (50 g ha-1) applied postemergence (POST)e0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Direction
- Intensee0
- Value
- 68%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intense injury (68%) was noted with combinations of clomazone (505 g ha-1) applied PRE and saflufenacil (50 g ha-1) applied postemergence (POST)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Postemergence saflufenacil with imazethapyr caused up to 83% rice injury.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- saflufenacil was applied POST with imazethapyre0
- Outcome
- rice injurye0
- Value
- up to 83%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice injury up to 83% was observed in earlier evaluations when saflufenacil was applied POST with imazethapyr”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice subsequently recovered from herbicide treatments.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- herbicide treatmentse0
- Outcome
- rice recoverye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“subsequent evaluations indicated rice recovery from herbicide treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Saflufenacil with imazethapyr controlled hemp sesbania by at least 88%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Combination of saflufenacil with imazethapyre0
- Interactor
- hemp sesbaniae0weed
- Outcome
- hemp sesbania controle0
- Value
- ≥ 88%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combination of saflufenacil with imazethapyr resulted in hemp sesbania control ≥ 88%”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Saflufenacil with imazethapyr controlled red rice by 100%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- saflufenacil with imazethapyre1
- Interactor
- red ricee0weed
- Outcome
- red rice controle0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“red rice control of 100%”
t0“Rice”
e1“Combination of saflufenacil with imazethapyr”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice yield was not adversely changed by herbicide treatments in the weed control programs.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- herbicide treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Rice yielde0
- Direction
- not adversely alterede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice yield was not adversely altered by the herbicide treatments used in the clomazone and imazethapyr weed control programs”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazethapyr plus saflufenacil increased 14C-imazethapyr uptake in TX4 red rice by 30%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- TX4 red ricee0
- Treatment
- Imazethapyr plus saflufenacile0
- Outcome
- uptakee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 30%e0
- Comparator
- imazethapyr alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazethapyr plus saflufenacil provided a greater uptake (30%) and translocation (35%) of 14C-imazethapyr than imazethapyr alone in the TX4 red rice”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazethapyr plus saflufenacil increased 14C-imazethapyr translocation in TX4 red rice by 35%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- TX4 red ricee0
- Treatment
- Imazethapyr plus saflufenacile0
- Outcome
- translocation (35%) of 14C-imazethapyre0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 35%e0
- Comparator
- imazethapyr alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazethapyr plus saflufenacil provided a greater uptake (30%) and translocation (35%) of 14C-imazethapyr than imazethapyr alone in the TX4 red rice”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Hemp sesbania absorbed approximately 40 to 60% of 14C-saflufenacil.
Verbatim
e0“Absorption of 14C-saflufenacil ranged from approximately 40 to 60% in hemp sesbania plants”
Claim · model-written summary
At 12 and 24 hours, lower light intensities increased upward movement of absorbed saflufenacil.
- Taxon
- hemp sesbaniae1
- Treatment
- two lower light intensitiese0
- Outcome
- percentage of the absorbed saflufenacil was quantified above the treated leafe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- At 12 and 24 hours after treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“At 12 and 24 hours after treatment a greater percentage of the absorbed saflufenacil was quantified above the treated leaf at the two lower light intensities”
e1“hemp sesbania plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Basipetal movement of saflufenacil followed a similar light-intensity pattern.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Similar trends were observed for basipetal movement of saflufenacil”
e1“hemp sesbania plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Saturated soil had a mean saflufenacil half-life of 59 days.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Half-life averaged among soils was 59 and 33 days for saturated and field capacity, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Field-capacity soil had a mean saflufenacil half-life of 33 days.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Half-life averaged among soils was 59 and 33 days for saturated and field capacity, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooded conditions prolonged saflufenacil persistence two to threefold for most soils.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Saflufenacil persistence in the environment was 2 to 3 times longer under flooded conditions for most of the studied soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil-to-solution ratios affected adsorption estimates especially above Kd of 2 mL g-1.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“Adsorption values were affected by soil to solution ratios, particularly when the soil-pesticide interaction resulted in Kd values > than 2 mL g-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Reference compounds enabled a conceptual adsorption window and broader soil and method comparisons.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The use of reference compounds during Kd estimation allowed for calculation of a conceptual adsorption window generating a more comprehensive set of data with alternatives for comparison of soils and methods”
Claim · model-written summary
An accelerated solvent extraction method was developed for saflufenacil in soil.
- Outcome
- extract saflufenacil from soile0
Not reportedTaxonComparatorValue
Verbatim
e0“An accelerated solvent extraction method was developed to extract saflufenacil from soil”
The same questions in other papers
saflufenacil · crop injury · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
saflufenacil · control · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
clomazone · crop injury · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →Imazethapyr · control · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →Imazethapyr · crop injury · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →herbicide · crop injury · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 42 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
49 papers more in this group
See all 53 papers →herbicide · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
724 papers in the same direction as this paper · 57 in the opposite direction · 20 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
798 papers more in this group
See all 802 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.