Abstract
Serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) and N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT) are the last two key enzymes for melatonin biosynthesis in living organisms. In this study, we demonstrated that transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants, in which expression of either endogenous SNAT or ASMT was suppressed, had reduced melatonin synthesis, confirming that both SNAT and ASMT are functionally involved in melatonin synthesis. The melatonin-deficient SNAT rice had retarded seedling growth, which was partially restored by exogenous melatonin application, suggesting melatonin's role in seedling growth. In addition, the plants were more sensitive to various abiotic stresses, including salt and cold, compared with the wild type. Melatonin-deficient SNAT rice had increased coleoptile growth under anoxic conditions, indicating that melatonin also inversely regulates plant growth under anaerobic conditions with the concomitant high expression of alcohol dehydrogenase genes. Similarly, the melatonin-deficient ASMT rice exhibited accelerated senescence in detached flag leaves, as well as significantly reduced yield. These loss-of-function studies on the melatonin biosynthetic genes confirmed most previous pharmacological reports that melatonin not only promotes plant growth but also mitigates various abiotic stresses.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Suppressing rice SNAT reduced melatonin synthesis.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- expression of either endogenous SNAT or ASMT was suppressede0
- Gene
- SNATe0
- Outcome
- melatonin synthesise0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants, in which expression of either endogenous SNAT or ASMT was suppressed, had reduced melatonin synthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
Suppressing rice ASMT reduced melatonin synthesis.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- expression of either endogenous SNAT or ASMT was suppressede0
- Gene
- ASMTe0
- Outcome
- melatonin synthesise0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants, in which expression of either endogenous SNAT or ASMT was suppressed, had reduced melatonin synthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin-deficient SNAT rice had retarded seedling growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Gene
- SNATe0
- Outcome
- seedling growthe0
- Direction
- retardede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The melatonin-deficient SNAT rice had retarded seedling growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous melatonin partially restored growth of melatonin-deficient SNAT rice seedlings.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- exogenous melatonin applicatione0
- Outcome
- seedling growthe0
- Direction
- restorede0
- Qualifier
- partiallye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The melatonin-deficient SNAT rice had retarded seedling growth, which was partially restored by exogenous melatonin application”
Claim · model-written summary
The deficient rice plants were more sensitive to salt and cold than wild type.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- sensitive to various abiotic stresses, including salt and colde0
- Direction
- more sensitivee0
- Comparator
- the wild typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the plants were more sensitive to various abiotic stresses, including salt and cold, compared with the wild type”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin-deficient SNAT rice had increased coleoptile growth under anoxic conditions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- coleoptilee0
- Gene
- SNATe0
- Outcome
- coleoptile growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- anoxic conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Melatonin-deficient SNAT rice had increased coleoptile growth under anoxic conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Alcohol dehydrogenase genes showed high expression alongside increased coleoptile growth under anoxia.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- alcohol dehydrogenase genese0
- Outcome
- expression of alcohol dehydrogenase genese0
- Direction
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with the concomitant high expression of alcohol dehydrogenase genes”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin-deficient ASMT rice exhibited accelerated senescence in detached flag leaves.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- detached flag leavese0
- Gene
- ASMTe0
- Outcome
- senescencee0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the melatonin-deficient ASMT rice exhibited accelerated senescence in detached flag leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin-deficient ASMT rice had significantly reduced yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- ASMTt1
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as well as significantly reduced yield”
t0“rice”
t1“melatonin-deficient ASMT rice”
The same questions in other papers
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- negative
melatonin · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
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See all 28 papers →transgenic · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 25 in the opposite direction
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- positive
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See all 30 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.