Abstract
In present report effects of explants type, basal media and plant growth regulators (PGRs) were tested for induction of indirect somatic embryogenesis in medicinally important plant Silybum marianum L. Leaf, petiole and root explants were exploited in vitro on B5 (Gamborg), SH (Schenk and Hildebrandt) and MS (Murashige and Skoog) media for induction of embryogenic callus followed by somatic embryogenesis. Highest callus induction frequency (76 ± 4.8 %) was recorded when petiole explants of in vitro derived plantlets were cultured on B5 medium supplemented with 1.5 mg l −1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4_D) in combination with 1.5 mg l −1 Thidiazuron (TDZ). Induction and multiplication of somatic embryos were observed, when the embryogenic calluses were sub-cultured on to B5 medium containing 0.5 mg l −1 2,4-D plus 1.5 mg l −1 TDZ. At this PGRs treatment, 77 % of the cultures responded with 39.1 somatic embryos per callus. Furthermore, MS0 medium was indicated more reponsive for growth and maturation of somatic embryos. Analysis of biochemical markers during various growth phases in somatic embryogenesis revealed that somatic embryos exhibited highest level of total carbohydrate, starch, ascorbic acid and total free amino acids. However, higher protein levels were detected in non-embryogenic callus. Nevertheless, considerable amount of silymarin (4.1 mg g −1 DW) was detected in somatic embryos than other growth phases. Thus, the present study concluded that biochemical and physiological changes during embryogenesis are influenced by interplay of explants type, basal media and PGRs.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Callus induction frequency was highest (76 ± 4.8 %) for petiole explants cultured on B5 medium.
- Taxon
- Silybum marianum L.
Silybum marianume1 - Organ / stage
- petiole explantse0
- Treatment
- B5 mediume0
- Outcome
- callus induction frequencye0
- Direction
- Higheste0
- Value
- 76 ± 4.8 %e0
- Setting
- in vitroe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest callus induction frequency (76 ± 4.8 %) was recorded when petiole explants of in vitro derived plantlets were cultured on B5 medium”
e1“medicinally important plant Silybum marianum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
With the PGRs treatment, 77 % of the cultures responded.
- Taxon
- Silybum marianum L.Silybum marianume1
- Treatment
- PGRs treatmente0
- Outcome
- culturese0
- Direction
- respondede0
- Value
- 77 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At this PGRs treatment, 77 % of the cultures responded with 39.1 somatic embryos per callus”
e1“medicinally important plant Silybum marianum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
With the PGRs treatment, somatic embryos per callus increased to 39.1.
- Taxon
- Silybum marianum L.Silybum marianume1
- Treatment
- PGRs treatmente0
- Outcome
- somatic embryos per calluse0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 39.1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At this PGRs treatment, 77 % of the cultures responded with 39.1 somatic embryos per callus”
e1“medicinally important plant Silybum marianum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
MS0 medium was more responsive for growth and maturation of somatic embryos.
- Taxon
- Silybum marianum L.Silybum marianume1
- Organ / stage
- somatic embryose0
- Treatment
- MS0 mediume0
- Outcome
- growth and maturation of somatic embryose0
- Direction
- more reponsivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MS0 medium was indicated more reponsive for growth and maturation of somatic embryos”
e1“medicinally important plant Silybum marianum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Somatic embryos showed the highest levels of total carbohydrate, starch and ascorbic acid.
- Taxon
- Silybum marianum L.Silybum marianume1
- Organ / stage
- somatic embryose0
- Outcome
- total carbohydrate, starch, ascorbic acide0
- Direction
- highest levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“somatic embryos exhibited highest level of total carbohydrate, starch, ascorbic acid and total free amino acids”
e1“medicinally important plant Silybum marianum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Somatic embryos showed the highest level of total free amino acids.
- Taxon
- Silybum marianum L.Silybum marianume1
- Organ / stage
- somatic embryose0
- Outcome
- total free amino acidse0
- Direction
- highest levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“somatic embryos exhibited highest level of total carbohydrate, starch, ascorbic acid and total free amino acids”
e1“medicinally important plant Silybum marianum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-embryogenic callus had higher protein levels than somatic embryos.
- Taxon
- Silybum marianum L.Silybum marianume1
- Organ / stage
- non-embryogenic calluse0
- Outcome
- protein levelse0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher protein levels were detected in non-embryogenic callus”
e1“medicinally important plant Silybum marianum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Somatic embryos contained 4.1 mg g −1 DW silymarin, more than other growth phases.
- Taxon
- Silybum marianum L.Silybum marianume1
- Organ / stage
- somatic embryose0
- Outcome
- silymarine0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 4.1 mg g −1 DWe0
- Comparator
- other growth phasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“considerable amount of silymarin (4.1 mg g −1 DW) was detected in somatic embryos than other growth phases”
e1“medicinally important plant Silybum marianum L.”
The same questions in other papers
class · growth · Silybum marianum (milk thistle)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
in vitro · growth · Silybum marianum (milk thistle)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.