Abstract
The weight and composition of soybean seeds (Glycine Max L. Merrill) depend on changes in carbon and nitrogen assimilate supply during grain filling. Soybean pods and seeds are green, evidencing their capacity to capture light. However, the current physiological knowledge does not consider any effect of incident solar radiation reaching the pods on seed weight and composition. The objective of this work was to investigate the response of seed weight and composition to changes in assimilate supply from leaves, to the incident solar radiation reaching the pods and to the combination of both, changes in assimilate supply from the leaves and incident solar radiation on pods of soybean plants. Field experiments were performed during two growing seasons at Balcarce, Argentina. Treatments modified the amount of assimilates supplied by the leaves (plant shading, defoliation), the solar radiation reaching the pods (pod shading) or both (defoliation and pod shading) during seed filling. Plant shading and defoliation reduced seed weight, oil concentration and oil and protein content and increased the concentration of saturated and poli-unsaturated fatty acids while reduced oleic acid percentage. Pod shading increased the concentration of stearic acid and reduced the concentration of linolenic acid. When pods were shaded on defoliated plants, seed weight and oil and protein content decreased while fatty acid composition was similar to values obtained under defoliation treatment. Based on these results, a conceptual model that considers photoheterotrophic nature of reproductive structures of soybean is proposed. Seed weight, oil and protein content and oil fatty acid composition depended on assimilate availability for the seeds. The response of oil and protein content to assimilate supply depended on whether leaves were present or not. The effect of solar radiation incident on pods depended on the amount of assimilates available for the seeds: (i) when carbon allocated was low (defoliation treatments), pods contributed to seed carbon economy but solar radiation incident on them did not affect fatty acid composition; (ii) when carbon allocated to the seeds was high (intact plants), contribution of pods to seed carbon economy was not significant, but the amount of solar radiation incident on pods produced significant changes in fatty acid composition.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Plant shading reduced soybean seed weight, oil concentration, oil and protein content.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- Plant shadinge0
- Outcome
- seed weight, oil concentration and oil and protein contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant shading and defoliation reduced seed weight, oil concentration and oil and protein content”
e1“soybean seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation reduced soybean seed weight, oil concentration, oil and protein content.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- defoliatione0
- Outcome
- seed weight, oil concentration and oil and protein contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant shading and defoliation reduced seed weight, oil concentration and oil and protein content”
e1“soybean seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant shading increased saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Plant shadinge0
- Outcome
- concentration of saturated and poli-unsaturated fatty acidse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant shading and defoliation reduced seed weight, oil concentration and oil and protein content and increased the concentration of saturated and poli-unsaturated fatty acids”
e1“soybean seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation increased saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- defoliatione0
- Outcome
- concentration of saturated and poli-unsaturated fatty acidse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“defoliation reduced seed weight, oil concentration and oil and protein content and increased the concentration of saturated and poli-unsaturated fatty acids”
e1“soybean seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant shading reduced the oleic acid percentage.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Plant shadinge0
- Outcome
- oleic acid percentagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant shading and defoliation reduced seed weight, oil concentration and oil and protein content and increased the concentration of saturated and poli-unsaturated fatty acids while reduced oleic acid percentage”
e1“soybean seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation reduced the oleic acid percentage.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- defoliatione0
- Outcome
- oleic acid percentagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“defoliation reduced seed weight, oil concentration and oil and protein content and increased the concentration of saturated and poli-unsaturated fatty acids while reduced oleic acid percentage”
e1“soybean seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Pod shading increased stearic acid concentration.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Pod shadinge0
- Outcome
- concentration of stearic acide0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pod shading increased the concentration of stearic acid and reduced the concentration of linolenic acid”
e1“soybean seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Pod shading reduced linolenic acid concentration.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Pod shadinge0
- Outcome
- concentration of linolenic acide0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pod shading increased the concentration of stearic acid and reduced the concentration of linolenic acid”
e1“soybean seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Pod shading of defoliated plants decreased seed weight and oil and protein content.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- pods were shaded on defoliated plantse0
- Outcome
- seed weight and oil and protein contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When pods were shaded on defoliated plants, seed weight and oil and protein content decreased”
e1“soybean seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Fatty acid composition under pod shading plus defoliation resembled defoliation alone.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- pods were shaded on defoliated plantse1
- Outcome
- fatty acid compositione0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- defoliation treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fatty acid composition was similar to values obtained under defoliation treatment”
e1“When pods were shaded on defoliated plants”
e2“soybean seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed weight, oil and protein content and fatty acid composition depended on seed assimilate availability.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- assimilate availability for the seedse0
- Outcome
- Seed weight, oil and protein content and oil fatty acid compositione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed weight, oil and protein content and oil fatty acid composition depended on assimilate availability for the seeds”
e1“soybean seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The oil and protein content response to assimilate supply depended on whether leaves remained.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- assimilate supplye0
- Outcome
- response of oil and protein contente0
- Qualifier
- whether leaves were present or note0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The response of oil and protein content to assimilate supply depended on whether leaves were present or not”
e1“soybean seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Under low seed carbon allocation, pods contributed to seed carbon economy.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- podse0
- Outcome
- seed carbon economye0
- Qualifier
- when carbon allocated was low (defoliation treatments)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when carbon allocated was low (defoliation treatments), pods contributed to seed carbon economy”
e1“soybean seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Under low carbon allocation, incident pod radiation did not affect fatty acid composition.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- solar radiation incident on theme0
- Outcome
- fatty acid compositione0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Qualifier
- when carbon allocated was low (defoliation treatments)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“solar radiation incident on them did not affect fatty acid composition”
e1“when carbon allocated was low (defoliation treatments)”
e2“soybean seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
In intact plants, pod contribution to seed carbon economy was not significant.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- podse0
- Outcome
- contribution of pods to seed carbon economye0
- Qualifier
- when carbon allocated to the seeds was high (intact plants)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when carbon allocated to the seeds was high (intact plants), contribution of pods to seed carbon economy was not significant”
e1“soybean seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
In intact plants, incident pod radiation significantly changed fatty acid composition.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- solar radiation incident on podse0
- Outcome
- fatty acid compositione0
- Qualifier
- when carbon allocated to the seeds was high (intact plants)e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the amount of solar radiation incident on pods produced significant changes in fatty acid composition”
e1“when carbon allocated to the seeds was high (intact plants)”
e2“soybean seeds”
The same questions in other papers
pruning · quality: oil · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
pruning · quality: protein · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →shade · quality: oil · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
shade · quality: protein · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.