Abstract
Vascular plants are commonly colonized by endophytic actinobacteria. However, very little is known about the relationship between these microorganisms and cacao fruits. In order to determine the physiological and taxonomic relationships between the members of this community, actinobacteria were isolated from cacao fruits and seeds. Among the 49 isolates recovered, 11 morphologically distinct isolates were selected for further characterization. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene allowed the partition of the selected isolates into three phylogenetic clades. Most of the selected endophytic isolates belonged to the Streptomyces violaceusniger clade. Physiological characterization was carried out and a similarity index was used to cluster the isolates. However, clustering based on physiological properties did not match phylogenetic lineages. Isolates were also characterized for traits commonly associated with plant growth-promoting bacteria, including antibiosis and auxin biosynthesis. All isolates exhibited resistance to geldanamycin, whereas only two isolates were shown to produce this antibiotic. Endophytes were inoculated on radish seedlings and most isolates were found to possess plant growth-promoting abilities. These endophytic actinobacteria inhibited the growth of various plant pathogenic fungi and/or bacteria. The present study showed that S. violaceusniger clade members represent a significant part of the actinobacterial community living as endophytes in cacao fruits and seeds. While several members of this clade are known to be geldanamycin producers and efficient biocontrol agents of plant diseases, we herein established the endophytic lifestyle of some of these microorganisms, demonstrating their potential as plant health agents.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Forty-nine actinobacterial isolates were recovered from cacao fruits and seeds.
- Taxon
- cacao
Theobroma cacaoe0 - Organ / stage
- fruits and seedse0
- Interactor
- actinobacteriaActinomycetotae0symbiont
- Outcome
- isolates recoverede0
- Value
- 49e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“actinobacteria were isolated from cacao fruits and seeds. Among the 49 isolates recovered”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene partitioned the selected isolates into three phylogenetic clades.
- Taxon
- CacaoTheobroma cacaot0
- Gene
- 16S rRNA genee0
- Outcome
- three phylogenetic cladese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene allowed the partition of the selected isolates into three phylogenetic clades”
t0“Cacao Pods and Cacao Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Most selected endophytic isolates belonged to the Streptomyces violaceusniger clade.
- Taxon
- CacaoTheobroma cacaot0
- Interactor
- Streptomyces violaceusnigerStreptomyces violaceusnigere0symbiont
- Outcome
- belonged to the Streptomyces violaceusniger cladee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most of the selected endophytic isolates belonged to the Streptomyces violaceusniger clade”
t0“Cacao Pods and Cacao Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Clustering of isolates by physiological properties did not match phylogenetic lineages.
- Taxon
- CacaoTheobroma cacaot0
- Outcome
- clustering based on physiological properties did not match phylogenetic lineagese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“clustering based on physiological properties did not match phylogenetic lineages”
t0“Cacao Pods and Cacao Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
All isolates exhibited resistance to geldanamycin.
- Taxon
- CacaoTheobroma cacaot0
- Outcome
- resistance to geldanamycine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All isolates exhibited resistance to geldanamycin”
t0“Cacao Pods and Cacao Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Only two isolates were shown to produce geldanamycin.
- Taxon
- CacaoTheobroma cacaot0
- Outcome
- produce this antibiotice0
- Value
- two isolatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only two isolates were shown to produce this antibiotic”
t0“Cacao Pods and Cacao Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
When inoculated on radish seedlings, most endophyte isolates showed plant growth-promoting abilities.
- Taxon
- radish
Raphanus sativuse0 - Treatment
- Endophytes were inoculatede0
- Interactor
- Endophytese0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant growth-promoting abilitiese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Endophytes were inoculated on radish seedlings and most isolates were found to possess plant growth-promoting abilities”
Claim · model-written summary
The endophytic actinobacteria inhibited growth of various plant pathogenic fungi and/or bacteria.
- Taxon
- CacaoTheobroma cacaot0
- Treatment
- endophytic actinobacteriae0
- Interactor
- plant pathogenic fungi and/or bacteriae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- endophytic actinobacteriae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- growth of various plant pathogenic fungi and/or bacteriae0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These endophytic actinobacteria inhibited the growth of various plant pathogenic fungi and/or bacteria”
t0“Cacao Pods and Cacao Seeds”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · growth · Raphanus sativus (radish)Positive and negative results
21 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
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See all 25 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.