Abstract
Abstract: Red radish (Raphanus sativus) is highly susceptible to the soil-borne fungus Rhizoctonia solani, which can cause severe crop losses. In a glasshouse experiment, untreated seeds of radish cvs. French Breakfast and Red Round were grown in potting mix where R. solani inoculated wheat-bran was added at rates of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 g per 100 g potting mix. Seedling emergence was reduced by one third and two thirds respectively by the two higher inoculum rates, and final plant numbers were ca. 20%, 50% and 80% less than in the uninoculated control. The ability of Trichoderma spp. to increase radish yields by limiting the damage caused by R. solani has long been known but has not been evaluated in New Zealand. Inoculum of each of four Trichoderma spp. isolates LU132 (T. atroviride), LU785 (T. hamatum), LU1437 (T. harzianum) and LU1358 (T. polysporum) was prepared in sterile wheat-bran and 0.5 g wheat-bran was added per 100 g potting mix. In a second glasshouse experiment, R. solani (0.25 g inoculated wheat-bran) was added per 100 g potting mix before untreated seeds of both radish cultivars were sown. Potting mix without either R. solani or Trichoderma served as the control. Maximum seedling emergence did not differ among the treatments for cv. French Breakfast, but was increased by the presence of either isolate LU132 (T. atroviride) or LU1358 (T. polysporum) for cv. Red Round. The presence of isolate LU1347 (T. harzianum) in the potting mix significantly increased plant survival in both cultivars. Each of the four Trichoderma isolates reduced the percentage of diseased plants with isolate LU132 (T. atroviride) providing the strongest response. In a third glasshouse experiment, Trichoderma treated seeds, thiram fungicide treated and untreated seeds of both radish cultivars were sown in naturally R. solani infected soil. The same treatments were used in a field trial at a site known to be infected by R. solani. In the third glasshouse experiment, seed treatment with Trichoderma isolates LU1347 (T. harzianum), LU1358 (T. polysporum) and LU785 (T. hamatum) significantly increased bulb fresh weight in cv. Red Round, but no treatments increased bulb fresh weight in cv. French Breakfast. In the field experiment, bulb yield for the thiram seed treatment did not differ from that of the untreated control. However, seed treatment with isolate LU785 (T. hamatum) increased subsequent bulb yield by 96% for both cultivars, and seed treatment with isolate LU132 (T. atroviride) or isolate LU1358 (T. polysporum) also significantly increased bulb yield (by 85% and 60% respectively) in cv. French Breakfast. A possible explanation for this result was sought by undertaking a fourth glasshouse experiment for radish cv. Red Round only. In this experiment, all four Trichoderma spp. isolates more than doubled bulb yield by producing not only a greater number of bulbs but also larger bulbs than the untreated control. Trichoderma seed coating may provide an alternative to fungicide seed treatment for radish production.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
R. solani inoculum reduced radish seedling emergence by one third at the higher inoculum rates.
- Taxon
- radish
Raphanus sativuse0 - Treatment
- R. solani inoculated wheat-brane0
- Interactor
- R. solani
Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- Seedling emergencee1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- one thirde1
- Qualifier
- two higher inoculum ratese1
- Setting
- glasshousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a glasshouse experiment, untreated seeds of radish cvs. French Breakfast and Red Round were grown in potting mix where R. solani inoculated wheat-bran was added”
e1“Seedling emergence was reduced by one third and two thirds respectively by the two higher inoculum rates”
Claim · model-written summary
R. solani inoculum reduced radish seedling emergence by two thirds at the higher inoculum rates.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- R. solani inoculated wheat-brane0
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- Seedling emergencee1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- two thirdse1
- Qualifier
- two higher inoculum ratese1
- Setting
- glasshousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a glasshouse experiment, untreated seeds of radish cvs. French Breakfast and Red Round were grown in potting mix where R. solani inoculated wheat-bran was added”
e1“Seedling emergence was reduced by one third and two thirds respectively by the two higher inoculum rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Final radish plant numbers were about 20% less than in the uninoculated control with R. solani inoculum.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- R. solani inoculated wheat-brane0
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- final plant numberse1
- Direction
- lesse1
- Value
- 20%e1
- Comparator
- uninoculated controle1
- Setting
- glasshousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a glasshouse experiment, untreated seeds of radish cvs. French Breakfast and Red Round were grown in potting mix where R. solani inoculated wheat-bran was added”
e1“final plant numbers were ca. 20%, 50% and 80% less than in the uninoculated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Final radish plant numbers were about 50% less than in the uninoculated control with R. solani inoculum.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- R. solani inoculated wheat-brane0
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- final plant numberse1
- Direction
- lesse1
- Value
- 50%e1
- Comparator
- uninoculated controle1
- Setting
- glasshousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a glasshouse experiment, untreated seeds of radish cvs. French Breakfast and Red Round were grown in potting mix where R. solani inoculated wheat-bran was added”
e1“final plant numbers were ca. 20%, 50% and 80% less than in the uninoculated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Final radish plant numbers were about 80% less than in the uninoculated control with R. solani inoculum.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- R. solani inoculated wheat-brane0
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- final plant numberse1
- Direction
- lesse1
- Value
- 80%e1
- Comparator
- uninoculated controle1
- Setting
- glasshousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a glasshouse experiment, untreated seeds of radish cvs. French Breakfast and Red Round were grown in potting mix where R. solani inoculated wheat-bran was added”
e1“final plant numbers were ca. 20%, 50% and 80% less than in the uninoculated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum seedling emergence of radish cv. French Breakfast did not differ among the treatments.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Material
- French Breakfaste1
- Outcome
- Maximum seedling emergencee1
- Direction
- did not differe1
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“radish”
e1“Maximum seedling emergence did not differ among the treatments for cv. French Breakfast”
Claim · model-written summary
For radish cv. Red Round, maximum seedling emergence was increased by isolate LU132 (T. atroviride) or LU1358 (T. polysporum).
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Material
- Red Rounde1
- Treatment
- isolate LU132 (T. atroviride) or LU1358 (T. polysporum)e1
- Interactor
- T. atroviride
Trichoderma atroviridee1biocontrol_agent - Second interactor
- T. polysporumTrichoderma polysporume1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Maximum seedling emergencee1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“radish”
e1“Maximum seedling emergence did not differ among the treatments for cv. French Breakfast, but was increased by the presence of either isolate LU132 (T. atroviride) or LU1358 (T. polysporum) for cv. Red Round”
Claim · model-written summary
Isolate LU1347 (T. harzianum) in the potting mix significantly increased radish plant survival in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- isolate LU1347 (T. harzianum)e1
- Interactor
- T. harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- plant survivale1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“radish”
e1“The presence of isolate LU1347 (T. harzianum) in the potting mix significantly increased plant survival in both cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Each of the four Trichoderma isolates reduced the percentage of diseased radish plants.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- four Trichoderma isolatese1
- Interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- percentage of diseased plantse1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“radish”
e1“Each of the four Trichoderma isolates reduced the percentage of diseased plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Isolate LU132 (T. atroviride) gave the strongest response in reducing the percentage of diseased plants.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- isolate LU132 (T. atroviride)e1
- Interactor
- T. atrovirideTrichoderma atroviridee1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- strongest responsee1
- Direction
- strongeste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“radish”
e1“with isolate LU132 (T. atroviride) providing the strongest response”
Claim · model-written summary
In the third glasshouse experiment, seed treatment with Trichoderma isolates LU1347, LU1358 and LU785 significantly increased bulb fresh weight in radish cv. Red Round.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Material
- Red Rounde1
- Treatment
- seed treatment with Trichoderma isolates LU1347 (T. harzianum), LU1358 (T. polysporum) and LU785 (T. hamatum)e1
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume1biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- T. polysporumTrichoderma polysporume1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- bulb fresh weighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- LU785 (T. hamatum)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“radish”
e1“seed treatment with Trichoderma isolates LU1347 (T. harzianum), LU1358 (T. polysporum) and LU785 (T. hamatum) significantly increased bulb fresh weight in cv. Red Round”
Claim · model-written summary
No treatment increased bulb fresh weight in radish cv. French Breakfast in the third glasshouse experiment.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Material
- French Breakfaste1
- Outcome
- bulb fresh weighte1
- Direction
- no treatments increasede1
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“radish”
e1“no treatments increased bulb fresh weight in cv. French Breakfast”
Claim · model-written summary
In the field experiment, bulb yield with thiram seed treatment did not differ from the untreated control.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- thiram seed treatmente1
- Outcome
- bulb yielde1
- Direction
- did not differe1
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
- Setting
- field experimente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“radish”
e1“In the field experiment, bulb yield for the thiram seed treatment did not differ from that of the untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
In the field, seed treatment with isolate LU785 (T. hamatum) increased subsequent bulb yield by 96% for both cultivars.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- seed treatment with isolate LU785 (T. hamatum)e1
- Interactor
- T. hamatum
Trichoderma hamatume1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- bulb yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 96%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“radish”
e1“seed treatment with isolate LU785 (T. hamatum) increased subsequent bulb yield by 96% for both cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
In the field, seed treatment with isolate LU132 (T. atroviride) significantly increased bulb yield by 85% in radish cv. French Breakfast.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Material
- French Breakfaste1
- Treatment
- seed treatment with isolate LU132 (T. atroviride)e1
- Interactor
- T. atrovirideTrichoderma atroviridee1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- bulb yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 85%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“radish”
e1“seed treatment with isolate LU132 (T. atroviride) or isolate LU1358 (T. polysporum) also significantly increased bulb yield (by 85% and 60% respectively) in cv. French Breakfast”
Claim · model-written summary
In the field, seed treatment with isolate LU1358 (T. polysporum) significantly increased bulb yield by 60% in radish cv. French Breakfast.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Material
- French Breakfaste1
- Treatment
- isolate LU1358 (T. polysporum)e1
- Interactor
- T. polysporumTrichoderma polysporume1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- bulb yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 60%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“radish”
e1“seed treatment with isolate LU132 (T. atroviride) or isolate LU1358 (T. polysporum) also significantly increased bulb yield (by 85% and 60% respectively) in cv. French Breakfast”
Claim · model-written summary
In the fourth glasshouse experiment all four Trichoderma isolates more than doubled bulb yield of radish cv. Red Round compared with the untreated control.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- all four Trichoderma spp. isolatese1
- Interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- bulb yielde1
- Direction
- more than doublede1
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“radish”
e1“all four Trichoderma spp. isolates more than doubled bulb yield by producing not only a greater number of bulbs but also larger bulbs than the untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
All four Trichoderma isolates produced a greater number of bulbs and larger bulbs than the untreated control in radish cv. Red Round.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- all four Trichoderma spp. isolatese1
- Interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- greater number of bulbs but also larger bulbse1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“radish”
e1“all four Trichoderma spp. isolates more than doubled bulb yield by producing not only a greater number of bulbs but also larger bulbs than the untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma seed coating may provide an alternative to fungicide seed treatment for radish production.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Outcome
- alternative to fungicide seed treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma seed coating may provide an alternative to fungicide seed treatment for radish production”
The same questions in other papers
Rhizoctonia solani · growth · Raphanus sativus (radish)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
Trichoderma · growth · Raphanus sativus (radish)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Trichoderma harzianum · growth · Raphanus sativus (radish)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
seed treatment · growth · Raphanus sativus (radish)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →inoculation · growth · Raphanus sativus (radish)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 22 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 25 papers →seed treatment · yield · Raphanus sativus (radish)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.