Abstract
The effect of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) supply on the growth and nutrient uptake of intermediate-day onions ( Allium cepa L.) was investigated in a double cropping system of rice and onion in which rice straw had been annually applied. The experiment consisted of three sets of treatments: N (0, 120, 240, 360 kg·ha −1 N), P (0, 18, 35, 52 kg·ha −1 ), and K (0, 67, 133, 200 kg·ha −1 ) with the addition of 8.0 t·ha −1 of decomposed pig manure. The rice straw was incorporated with tillage after harvest. Foliage weight of the onion plant was affected by N rate on 21 Apr. and on 23 May. Bulb weight was also influenced by N rate on 23 May and at harvest. The only difference ( P ≤ 0.05) in onion yield was observed between the zero N rate and all the other N levels. Soil pH was correlated with rate of N fertilization. Soil NO 3 -N for 240 and 360 kg·ha −1 N rates ranged from 36.6 to 113.7 and 49.9 to 148.6 mg·kg −1 , respectively, which was at least twice as high as that at 120 kg·ha −1 N rate. The highest fertilizer use efficiency of nitrogen was 36.0% at 120 kg·ha −1 followed by 240 kg·ha −1 at 28.0% and 360 kg·ha −1 at 20.6%. There was no clear effect of P or K rates on P or K concentration in the onion bulbs. K concentration and uptake in the onion leaf tissue increased with higher K rates. In conclusion, compost and rice straw provided sufficient P and K to grow onions without additional P and K fertilizer, and under these conditions, the fertilizer level of 120 kg·ha −1 N produced as much onion bulb yield as higher N levels.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen rate affected onion foliage weight on 21 Apr.
- Taxon
- onion
Allium cepae0 - Treatment
- N ratee0
- Outcome
- Foliage weighte0
- Qualifier
- on 21 Apr.e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliage weight of the onion plant was affected by N rate on 21 Apr. and on 23 May.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen rate affected onion foliage weight on 23 May.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- N ratee0
- Outcome
- Foliage weighte0
- Qualifier
- on 23 Maye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliage weight of the onion plant was affected by N rate on 21 Apr. and on 23 May.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen rate influenced onion bulb weight on 23 May.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- N ratee1
- Outcome
- Bulb weighte1
- Qualifier
- on 23 Maye1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“onion plant”
e1“Bulb weight was also influenced by N rate on 23 May and at harvest.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen rate influenced onion bulb weight at harvest.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- N ratee1
- Outcome
- Bulb weighte1
- Qualifier
- at harveste1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“onion plant”
e1“Bulb weight was also influenced by N rate on 23 May and at harvest.”
Claim · model-written summary
Onion yield differed significantly between zero nitrogen and every other nitrogen rate.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- all the other N levelse0
- Outcome
- onion yielde0
- Comparator
- zero N ratee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The only difference ( P ≤ 0.05) in onion yield was observed between the zero N rate and all the other N levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil pH correlated with nitrogen fertilizer rate.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- rate of N fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- Soil pHe1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intermediate-day onions ( Allium cepa L.)”
e1“Soil pH was correlated with rate of N fertilization.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil NO 3 -N at 240 kg·ha −1 N ranged from 36.6 to 113.7 mg·kg −1, at least twice the level at 120 kg·ha −1 N.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- 240e1
- Outcome
- Soil NO 3 -Ne1
- Direction
- highe1
- Value
- 36.6 to 113.7e1
- Qualifier
- at least twicee1
- Comparator
- 120 kg·ha −1 N ratee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intermediate-day onions ( Allium cepa L.)”
e1“Soil NO 3 -N for 240 and 360 kg·ha −1 N rates ranged from 36.6 to 113.7 and 49.9 to 148.6 mg·kg −1 , respectively, which was at least twice as high as that at 120 kg·ha −1 N rate.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil NO 3 -N at 360 kg·ha −1 N ranged from 49.9 to 148.6 mg·kg −1, at least twice the level at 120 kg·ha −1 N.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- 360 kg·ha −1 N ratese1
- Outcome
- Soil NO 3 -Ne1
- Direction
- highe1
- Value
- 49.9 to 148.6 mg·kg −1e1
- Qualifier
- at least twicee1
- Comparator
- 120 kg·ha −1 N ratee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intermediate-day onions ( Allium cepa L.)”
e1“Soil NO 3 -N for 240 and 360 kg·ha −1 N rates ranged from 36.6 to 113.7 and 49.9 to 148.6 mg·kg −1 , respectively, which was at least twice as high as that at 120 kg·ha −1 N rate.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency was highest at 120 kg·ha −1 N, at 36.0%.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- 120 kg·ha −1e1
- Outcome
- fertilizer use efficiency of nitrogene1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 36.0%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intermediate-day onions ( Allium cepa L.)”
e1“The highest fertilizer use efficiency of nitrogen was 36.0% at 120 kg·ha −1 followed by 240 kg·ha −1 at 28.0% and 360 kg·ha −1 at 20.6%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency at 240 kg·ha −1 N was 28.0%.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- 240 kg·ha −1e1
- Outcome
- fertilizer use efficiency of nitrogene1
- Value
- 28.0%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intermediate-day onions ( Allium cepa L.)”
e1“The highest fertilizer use efficiency of nitrogen was 36.0% at 120 kg·ha −1 followed by 240 kg·ha −1 at 28.0% and 360 kg·ha −1 at 20.6%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency at 360 kg·ha −1 N was 20.6%.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- 360 kg·ha −1e1
- Outcome
- fertilizer use efficiency of nitrogene1
- Value
- 20.6%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intermediate-day onions ( Allium cepa L.)”
e1“The highest fertilizer use efficiency of nitrogen was 36.0% at 120 kg·ha −1 followed by 240 kg·ha −1 at 28.0% and 360 kg·ha −1 at 20.6%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus rate had no clear effect on phosphorus concentration in onion bulbs.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no clear effect of P or K rates on P or K concentration in the onion bulbs.”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium rate had no clear effect on potassium concentration in onion bulbs.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Organ / stage
- bulbse0
- Treatment
- K ratese0
- Outcome
- K concentratione0
- Direction
- no clear effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no clear effect of P or K rates on P or K concentration in the onion bulbs.”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher potassium rates increased potassium concentration and uptake in onion leaves.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Organ / stage
- leaf tissuee0
- Treatment
- higher K ratese0
- Outcome
- K concentration and uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“K concentration and uptake in the onion leaf tissue increased with higher K rates.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that compost and rice straw supplied enough phosphorus and potassium to grow onions without extra P or K fertilizer.
- Taxon
- onionsAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- compost and rice strawe0
- Outcome
- without additional P and K fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compost and rice straw provided sufficient P and K to grow onions without additional P and K fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that 120 kg·ha −1 N produced as much onion bulb yield as higher N levels under these conditions.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Outcome
- 120 kg·ha −1 N produced as much onion bulb yield as higher N levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under these conditions, the fertilizer level of 120 kg·ha −1 N produced as much onion bulb yield as higher N levels”
The same questions in other papers
phosphorus · nutrient: content · Allium cepa (onion)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 13 papers →potassium · nutrient: content · Allium cepa (onion)Results agree
11 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.