Abstract
Biocontrol of wilt disease complex of pea caused by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi was studied on pea (Pisum sativum L.) using plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens and root nodule bacterium Rhizobium sp. Inoculation of M. incognita and F.oxysporum alone caused significant reductions in plant growth over un-inoculated control. Reduction in plant growth caused by M. incognita was statistically equal to that caused by F. oxysporum. Inoculation of M. incognita plus F. oxysporum together caused a greater reduction in plant growth than the sum of damage caused by these pathogens singly. Inoculation of P. fluorescens and Rhizobium sp. individually or both together increased plant growth in pathogen inoculated and un-inoculated plants. Inoculation of P. fluorescens to pathogen-inoculated plants caused a greater increase in plant growth than caused by Rhizobium sp. Application of Rhizobium plus P. fluorescens caused a greater increase in plant growth than caused by each of them singly. Inoculation of P.fluorescens caused higher reduction in galling and nematode multiplication than caused by Rhizobium sp. Use of Rhizobium plus P. fluorescens caused higher reduction in galling and nematode multiplication than their individual inoculation. Plants inoculated with both pathogens plus Rhizobium showed less nodulation than plants inoculated with single pathogen plus Rhizobium. Inoculation of Rhizobium plus P. fluorescens resulted in higher root-nodulation than inoculated only with Rhizobium. Wilting indices were 4 and 5, respectively, when plants were inoculated with F. oxysporum and F. oxysporum plus M. incognita. Wilting indices were reduced maximum to 1 and 2, respectively, when plants inoculated with F.oxysporum and plants with both pathogens were treated with P. fluorescens plus Rhizobium.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
M. incognita alone significantly reduced pea growth.
- Taxon
- pea
Lathyrus oleraceuse1 - Treatment
- M. incognitae0
- Interactor
- M. incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae0pathogen - Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Comparator
- un-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of M. incognita and F.oxysporum alone caused significant reductions in plant growth over un-inoculated control.”
e1“studied on pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
F. oxysporum alone significantly reduced pea growth.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- F.oxysporume0
- Interactor
- F.oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume0pathogen - Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Comparator
- un-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of M. incognita and F.oxysporum alone caused significant reductions in plant growth over un-inoculated control.”
e1“studied on pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The growth losses from the two pathogens were statistically equal.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume0pathogen
- Outcome
- Reduction in plant growthe0
- Direction
- statistically equale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduction in plant growth caused by M. incognita was statistically equal to that caused by F. oxysporum.”
e1“studied on pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined pathogen inoculation caused more growth loss than the summed losses from separate inoculations.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- M. incognita plus F. oxysporum togethere0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume0pathogen
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- greater reductione0
- Comparator
- these pathogens singlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of M. incognita plus F. oxysporum together caused a greater reduction in plant growth than the sum of damage caused by these pathogens singly.”
e1“studied on pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
P. fluorescens inoculation increased plant growth.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- P. fluorescense0
- Interactor
- P. fluorescens
.JPG?width=60)
Pseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of P. fluorescens and Rhizobium sp. individually or both together increased plant growth in pathogen inoculated and un-inoculated plants.”
e1“studied on pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium sp. inoculation increased plant growth.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- Rhizobium sp.e0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
RhizobiumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of P. fluorescens and Rhizobium sp. individually or both together increased plant growth in pathogen inoculated and un-inoculated plants.”
e1“studied on pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined P. fluorescens and Rhizobium sp. inoculation increased plant growth.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- P. fluorescens and Rhizobium sp.e0
- Interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of P. fluorescens and Rhizobium sp. individually or both together increased plant growth in pathogen inoculated and un-inoculated plants.”
e1“studied on pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
P. fluorescens increased growth more than Rhizobium sp. in pathogen-inoculated pea.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- P. fluorescense0
- Interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- greater increasee0
- Comparator
- Rhizobium sp.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of P. fluorescens to pathogen-inoculated plants caused a greater increase in plant growth than caused by Rhizobium sp.”
e1“studied on pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined bacteria increased growth more than either alone.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- Rhizobium plus P. fluorescense0
- Interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- greater increasee0
- Comparator
- each of them singlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of Rhizobium plus P. fluorescens caused a greater increase in plant growth than caused by each of them singly.”
e1“studied on pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
P. fluorescens reduced galling more than Rhizobium sp.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- P.fluorescense0
- Second interactor
- P.fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- gallinge0
- Direction
- higher reductione0
- Comparator
- Rhizobium sp.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of P.fluorescens caused higher reduction in galling and nematode multiplication than caused by Rhizobium sp.”
e1“studied on pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
P. fluorescens reduced nematode multiplication more than Rhizobium sp.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- P.fluorescense0
- Second interactor
- P.fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- nematode multiplicatione0
- Direction
- higher reductione0
- Comparator
- Rhizobium sp.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of P.fluorescens caused higher reduction in galling and nematode multiplication than caused by Rhizobium sp.”
e1“studied on pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined bacteria reduced galling more than either alone.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- Rhizobium plus P. fluorescense0
- Second interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- gallinge0
- Direction
- higher reductione0
- Comparator
- their individual inoculatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Use of Rhizobium plus P. fluorescens caused higher reduction in galling and nematode multiplication than their individual inoculation.”
e1“studied on pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined bacteria reduced nematode multiplication more than either alone.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- Rhizobium plus P. fluorescense0
- Second interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- nematode multiplicatione0
- Direction
- higher reductione0
- Comparator
- their individual inoculatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Use of Rhizobium plus P. fluorescens caused higher reduction in galling and nematode multiplication than their individual inoculation.”
e1“studied on pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Both pathogens with Rhizobium led to less nodulation than a single pathogen with Rhizobium.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- both pathogens plus Rhizobiume0
- Outcome
- nodulatione0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- single pathogen plus Rhizobiume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants inoculated with both pathogens plus Rhizobium showed less nodulation than plants inoculated with single pathogen plus Rhizobium.”
e1“studied on pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium plus P. fluorescens produced higher root nodulation than Rhizobium alone.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- Rhizobium plus P. fluorescense0
- Second interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- root-nodulatione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- only with Rhizobiume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of Rhizobium plus P. fluorescens resulted in higher root-nodulation than inoculated only with Rhizobium.”
e1“studied on pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
F. oxysporum alone yielded a wilting index of 4.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Interactor
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume0pathogen
- Outcome
- Wilting indicese0
- Value
- 4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wilting indices were 4 and 5, respectively, when plants were inoculated with F. oxysporum and F. oxysporum plus M. incognita.”
e1“studied on pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
F. oxysporum plus M. incognita yielded a wilting index of 5.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Interactor
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- Wilting indicese0
- Value
- 5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wilting indices were 4 and 5, respectively, when plants were inoculated with F. oxysporum and F. oxysporum plus M. incognita.”
e1“studied on pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined bacteria reduced the wilting index to 1 with F. oxysporum alone.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- P. fluorescens plus Rhizobiume0
- Interactor
- F.oxysporumFusarium oxysporume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Wilting indicese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wilting indices were reduced maximum to 1 and 2, respectively, when plants inoculated with F.oxysporum and plants with both pathogens were treated with P. fluorescens plus Rhizobium.”
e1“studied on pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined bacteria reduced the wilting index to 2 with both pathogens.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- P. fluorescens plus Rhizobiume0
- Interactor
- F.oxysporumFusarium oxysporume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Wilting indicese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wilting indices were reduced maximum to 1 and 2, respectively, when plants inoculated with F.oxysporum and plants with both pathogens were treated with P. fluorescens plus Rhizobium.”
e1“studied on pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
The same questions in other papers
Rhizobium · symbiosis · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results
17 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →Rhizobium · growth · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results
20 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →Pseudomonas fluorescens · Fusarium oxysporum · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Rhizobium · pest · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Meloidogyne incognita · growth · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Pseudomonas fluorescens · growth · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.