Abstract
SummaryCommercial tree fruit nurseries can promote aggressive tree growth by adding greater amounts of N than is necessary. Although this practice may produce the largest stock possible, it often causes physiological problems such as delays in growth cessation, bud dormancy development, and cold acclimation, especially in late apple cultivars. In this study, abscisic acid (ABA) was applied to Fuji/M.26 apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) nursery plants that had been growing into the late season with a high N supply. We tested the hypothesis that exogenously applied ABA enhances growth cessation and that this is related to the improvement of bud dormancy development and cold acclimation. We also studied the effects on leaf senescence and mobilization of leaf N into perennial woody tissues. In September 1996, ABA at 1000.mg l-1 plus 0.1% Tween 80 was sprayed twice, at 7.d intervals. ABA treatment significantly enhanced shoot growth cessation and advanced the early stages of bud endodormancy development; these effects were closely related. Maximum growth cessation and bud dormancy were attained in mid-December similarly in both control and ABA treatments. In early November, stem cold hardiness measured by the electrolyte leakage method was significantly greater in the ABA-treated plants than in the controls, but was similar in late December. This indicated that cold acclimation was related to the depth of bud endodormancy development. N mobilization from the senescing leaves into perennial woody tissues was significantly enhanced by ABA treatment. Therefore, autumnal increases in total-N and soluble-protein concentrations were significantly higher in the ABA-treated plants (especially in the stem bark), but both control and ABA-treated plants reached similar maximum levels later when plants were completely defoliated.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
ABA enhanced shoot growth cessation.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- ABA treatmente0
- Outcome
- shoot growth cessatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA treatment significantly enhanced shoot growth cessation and advanced the early stages of bud endodormancy development”
t0“apple nursery plants”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA advanced early bud endodormancy development.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ABA treatmente0
- Outcome
- early stages of bud endodormancy developmente0
- Direction
- advancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA treatment significantly enhanced shoot growth cessation and advanced the early stages of bud endodormancy development”
t0“apple nursery plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum growth cessation and bud dormancy were similar in treated and control plants by mid-December.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ABA treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Maximum growth cessation and bud dormancye0
- Direction
- similarlye0
- Qualifier
- mid-Decembere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum growth cessation and bud dormancy were attained in mid-December similarly in both control and ABA treatments”
t0“apple nursery plants”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA increased stem cold hardiness in early November.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ABA-treated plantse0
- Outcome
- stem cold hardinesse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- early Novembere0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In early November, stem cold hardiness measured by the electrolyte leakage method was significantly greater in the ABA-treated plants than in the controls”
t0“apple nursery plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem cold hardiness was similar between treatments in late December.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ABA-treated plantst1
- Outcome
- stem cold hardinesst1
- Direction
- similare0
- Qualifier
- late Decembere0
- Comparator
- controlst1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but was similar in late December”
t0“apple nursery plants”
t1“stem cold hardiness measured by the electrolyte leakage method was significantly greater in the ABA-treated plants than in the controls, but was similar in late December”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA enhanced leaf nitrogen mobilization into woody tissues.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ABA treatmente0
- Outcome
- N mobilization from the senescing leaves into perennial woody tissuese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N mobilization from the senescing leaves into perennial woody tissues was significantly enhanced by ABA treatment”
t0“apple nursery plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Autumn total-N and soluble-protein concentrations increased more under ABA, especially in stem bark.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- stem barke0
- Treatment
- ABA-treated plantse0
- Outcome
- total-N and soluble-protein concentrationse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“autumnal increases in total-N and soluble-protein concentrations were significantly higher in the ABA-treated plants (especially in the stem bark)”
t0“apple nursery plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Control and ABA plants attained similar maximum nitrogen and protein concentrations after defoliation.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ABA-treated plantse0
- Outcome
- maximum levelse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Qualifier
- when plants were completely defoliatede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both control and ABA-treated plants reached similar maximum levels later when plants were completely defoliated”
t0“apple nursery plants”
The same questions in other papers
(+)-abscisic acid · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
(+)-abscisic acid · tolerance: abiotic · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
(+)-abscisic acid · physiology: osmolytes · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.