Abstract
SummaryFinal fruit size in pear depends on the combined contributions of the number of cells present at fruit-set, the number of subsequent cell divisions, and on cell expansion. To date, in spite of the commercial application of cytokinins to induce larger fruits, no detailed studies have addressed the question of how cytokinin signalling and cell division regulate fruit growth under field conditions. As previously reported, ‘Spadona’ pear fruits treated once with N(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N’-phenylurea (CPPU) or N-phenyl-N’-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea (TDZ) showed a significant increase in size compared to untreated fruit. Here we monitored the effect of CPPU and TDZ treatments on the number and size of parenchyma cells and stone cells in fruit pulp. Application of both synthetic cytokinins on 10 mmsized fruitlets had no effect on the size or number of stone cells during fruit development. However, the parenchyma that forms the fruit flesh, between the epidermis and the seed layers, had significantly smaller cells and produced higher numbers of cells compared to untreated fruit. The increase in parenchyma cell numbers correlated with a prolonged phase of cell division, as demonstrated by the detection of G2 nuclei using fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis. Hence a single spray with CPPU or TDZ can induce an increase in the diameter of pear fruit by extending the phase of cell division in parenchymal cells in the pulp.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Previously reported CPPU treatment significantly increased Spadona pear fruit size over untreated fruit.
- Taxon
- pear
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=60)
Pyrus communist0 - Material
- ‘Spadona’e0
- Treatment
- N(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N’-phenylurea (CPPU)e0
- Outcome
- sizee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- untreated fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“pear (Pyrus communisL.)”
e0“‘Spadona’ pear fruits treated once with N(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N’-phenylurea (CPPU) or N-phenyl-N’-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea (TDZ) showed a significant increase in size compared to untreated fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Previously reported TDZ treatment significantly increased Spadona pear fruit size over untreated fruit.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Material
- ‘Spadona’e0
- Treatment
- N-phenyl-N’-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea (TDZ)e0
- Outcome
- sizee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- untreated fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pear (Pyrus communisL.)”
e0“‘Spadona’ pear fruits treated once with N(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N’-phenylurea (CPPU) or N-phenyl-N’-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea (TDZ) showed a significant increase in size compared to untreated fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Both synthetic cytokinin treatments left stone cell size and number unchanged during pear fruit development.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Organ / stage
- fruitletse0
- Treatment
- both synthetic cytokininse0
- Outcome
- size or number of stone cellse0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pear (Pyrus communisL.)”
e0“Application of both synthetic cytokinins on 10 mmsized fruitlets had no effect on the size or number of stone cells during fruit development”
Claim · model-written summary
Synthetic cytokinin treatment produced significantly smaller pear fruit parenchyma cells than untreated fruit.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Organ / stage
- fruit fleshe0
- Treatment
- both synthetic cytokininse1
- Outcome
- parenchymae0
- Direction
- smallere0
- Comparator
- untreated fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pear (Pyrus communisL.)”
e0“However, the parenchyma that forms the fruit flesh, between the epidermis and the seed layers, had significantly smaller cells and produced higher numbers of cells compared to untreated fruit”
e1“Application of both synthetic cytokinins on 10 mmsized fruitlets”
Claim · model-written summary
Synthetic cytokinin treatment produced more pear fruit parenchyma cells than untreated fruit.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Organ / stage
- fruit fleshe0
- Treatment
- both synthetic cytokininse1
- Outcome
- numbers of cellse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- untreated fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pear (Pyrus communisL.)”
e0“the parenchyma that forms the fruit flesh, between the epidermis and the seed layers, had significantly smaller cells and produced higher numbers of cells compared to untreated fruit”
e1“Application of both synthetic cytokinins on 10 mmsized fruitlets”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher pear parenchyma cell numbers correlated with a prolonged division phase, supported by G2 nuclei detection.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Organ / stage
- parenchymae0
- Outcome
- parenchyma cell numberse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- prolonged phase of cell divisione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pear (Pyrus communisL.)”
e0“The increase in parenchyma cell numbers correlated with a prolonged phase of cell division, as demonstrated by the detection of G2 nuclei using fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that a single CPPU spray enlarges pear fruit diameter by extending pulp parenchyma division.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- a single spray with CPPUe0
- Outcome
- diameter of pear fruite0
- Qualifier
- extending the phase of cell division in parenchymal cells in the pulpe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pear (Pyrus communisL.)”
e0“a single spray with CPPU or TDZ can induce an increase in the diameter of pear fruit by extending the phase of cell division in parenchymal cells in the pulp”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that a single TDZ spray enlarges pear fruit diameter by extending pulp parenchyma division.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- TDZe0
- Outcome
- diameter of pear fruite0
- Qualifier
- extending the phase of cell division in parenchymal cells in the pulpe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pear (Pyrus communisL.)”
e0“a single spray with CPPU or TDZ can induce an increase in the diameter of pear fruit by extending the phase of cell division in parenchymal cells in the pulp”
The same questions in other papers
Thidiazuron · growth · Pyrus communis (pear)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →forchlorfenuron · growth · Pyrus communis (pear)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →class · growth · Pyrus communis (pear)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.