Abstract
An interplay between carbon and phosphorus is known to regulate root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF); however, it is unclear whether plant C or plant P status plays a bigger role in controlling the abundance of arbuscules (the primary site of nutrient exchange in AMF symbiosis) in roots. In this study, ‘Pinot noir’ grapevine ( Vitis vinifera ) was grown in an unsterilized vineyard soil and colonized by indigenous AMF in two experiments, where photosynthetic capacity (defoliation or shading) and shoot nutrition (foliar fertilizer) were manipulated. Temporal changes in root colonization by AMF and plant growth and nutrition were determined. Foliar fertilizer application increased P and K uptake, but reduced Cu uptake in both experiments. Decreasing the photosynthetic capacity of shoots due to defoliation or shading rapidly reduced arbuscules in fine roots (within 7 to 14 days). In contrast a 3-fold increase in shoot P status from foliar fertilizer only reduced arbuscules after a more prolonged time (28 to 56 days). The combination of shading (15% of full sun) and foliar P application reduced arbuscules more than shading alone within the first month, whereas foliar P use in full sun had no influence on arbuscules within a month. Returning plants to full sun after 28 days in shade resulted in a resurgence of arbuscules in roots regardless of plant P status. Arbuscules in grapevine roots are regulated by the interaction between plant C and P status, such that high shoot P reduces arbuscule formation or maintenance more when combined with reduced plant photosynthesis. This indicates that grapevines do not reduce AMF nutrient transfer as an immediate response to elevated shoot P as long as plants are maintained in a high light environment.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar fertilizer increased phosphorus uptake.
VitisNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar fertilizer application increased P and K uptake, but reduced Cu uptake in both experiments.”
e1“‘Pinot noir’ grapevine ( Vitis vinifera )”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar fertilizer increased potassium uptake.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar fertilizer application increased P and K uptake, but reduced Cu uptake in both experiments.”
e1“‘Pinot noir’ grapevine ( Vitis vinifera )”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar fertilizer reduced copper uptake.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar fertilizer application increased P and K uptake, but reduced Cu uptake in both experiments.”
e1“‘Pinot noir’ grapevine ( Vitis vinifera )”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation rapidly reduced root arbuscules within 7 to 14 days.
- Treatment
- defoliatione0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie2symbiont
- Outcome
- arbuscules in fine rootse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- within 7 to 14 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Decreasing the photosynthetic capacity of shoots due to defoliation or shading rapidly reduced arbuscules in fine roots (within 7 to 14 days).”
e1“‘Pinot noir’ grapevine ( Vitis vinifera )”
e2“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading rapidly reduced root arbuscules within 7 to 14 days.
- Treatment
- shadinge0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie2symbiont
- Outcome
- arbuscules in fine rootse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- within 7 to 14 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Decreasing the photosynthetic capacity of shoots due to defoliation or shading rapidly reduced arbuscules in fine roots (within 7 to 14 days).”
e1“‘Pinot noir’ grapevine ( Vitis vinifera )”
e2“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar fertilizer raised shoot phosphorus threefold but reduced arbuscules only after 28 to 56 days.
- Treatment
- foliar fertilizere0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie2symbiont
- Outcome
- arbusculese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 28 to 56 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a 3-fold increase in shoot P status from foliar fertilizer only reduced arbuscules after a more prolonged time (28 to 56 days)”
e1“‘Pinot noir’ grapevine ( Vitis vinifera )”
e2“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar fertilizer raised shoot phosphorus status threefold.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a 3-fold increase in shoot P status from foliar fertilizer”
e1“‘Pinot noir’ grapevine ( Vitis vinifera )”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining shading and foliar phosphorus reduced arbuscules more than shading alone within one month.
- Treatment
- combination of shading (15% of full sun) and foliar P applicatione0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie2symbiont
- Outcome
- arbusculese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- within the first monthe0
- Comparator
- shading alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combination of shading (15% of full sun) and foliar P application reduced arbuscules more than shading alone within the first month”
e1“‘Pinot noir’ grapevine ( Vitis vinifera )”
e2“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar phosphorus in full sun did not change arbuscules within one month.
- Treatment
- foliar P use in full sune0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie2symbiont
- Outcome
- arbusculese0
- Direction
- no influencee0
- Qualifier
- within a monthe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar P use in full sun had no influence on arbuscules within a month”
e1“‘Pinot noir’ grapevine ( Vitis vinifera )”
e2“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Returning shaded plants to full sun after 28 days restored arbuscules regardless of phosphorus status.
- Treatment
- Returning plants to full sun after 28 days in shadee0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie2symbiont
- Outcome
- arbuscules in rootse0
- Direction
- resurgencee0
- Qualifier
- regardless of plant P statuse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Returning plants to full sun after 28 days in shade resulted in a resurgence of arbuscules in roots regardless of plant P status.”
e1“‘Pinot noir’ grapevine ( Vitis vinifera )”
e2“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that shoot phosphorus suppresses arbuscules more when photosynthesis is reduced.
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie2symbiont
- Outcome
- arbuscule formation or maintenancee0
- Qualifier
- combined with reduced plant photosynthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high shoot P reduces arbuscule formation or maintenance more when combined with reduced plant photosynthesis”
e1“grapevine roots”
e2“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that grapevines retain AMF nutrient transfer immediately after elevated shoot phosphorus under high light.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grapevines do not reduce AMF nutrient transfer as an immediate response to elevated shoot P as long as plants are maintained in a high light environment”
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See all 47 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.