Abstract
Seedling growth under several different atmospheric pressures between 1 kg/cm2 and 8 kg/ cm2 is studied in gas mixtures composed of N2, O2 and CO2. Pharbitis Nil (morning glory), Avena sativa (oats), Hibiscus esculentus (okura) and Pisum sativum (pea) are used as mate-rials. Ingeneral, hypocotyl, primary leaf, and root growth are accelerated up to 5 kg/cm2 and inhibited above that pressure, especially in CO2 containing gas mixtures. Rather little effect is observed in the cotyledon and coleoptile growth. And chlorophyll synthesis is depressed under high pressure but recovers easily when the pressure is lowered. At the end of the growing pe-riod, fresh weight is increased parallel to the increase of hypocotyl elongation, however, the dry weight is markedly decreased. And the rate of this dry weight decrease is larger in case of 5 kg/cm2 than in 6 kg/cm2 storage. These results seem to indicate that storage under higher pressure preserves the seed in good condition, because under higher pressure the consumption of the stored substances in the seed is smaller, and the enzyme systems keep their ability to metabolize many substances when the seed is returned to normal atmospheric pressure, as seen in the chlorophyll synthesizing system. In experiments using 8 plant species, seeds stored under atmospheric pressure of 11 kg/cm2 or 21 kg/cm2 keep higher germination ability than the one stored in open air. The former seeds maintain the ability to grow normally, when they are germinated on open air experimental beds.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Hypocotyl, primary leaf and root growth accelerated up to 5 kg/cm2.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis Nil (morning glory), Avena sativa (oats), Hibiscus esculentus (okura) and Pisum sativum (pea)
Lathyrus oleraceus
Avena sativa
Ipomoea nil.jpg?width=60)
Abelmoschus esculentuse1 - Treatment
- up to 5 kg/cm2e0
- Outcome
- hypocotyl, primary leaf, and root growthe0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“hypocotyl, primary leaf, and root growth are accelerated up to 5 kg/cm2 and inhibited above that pressure, especially in CO2 containing gas mixtures”
e1“Pharbitis Nil (morning glory), Avena sativa (oats), Hibiscus esculentus (okura) and Pisum sativum (pea) are used as mate-rials”
Claim · model-written summary
Hypocotyl, primary leaf and root growth were inhibited above 5 kg/cm2.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis Nil (morning glory), Avena sativa (oats), Hibiscus esculentus (okura) and Pisum sativum (pea)Lathyrus oleraceusAvena sativaIpomoea nilAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- above that pressuree0
- Outcome
- hypocotyl, primary leaf, and root growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Comparator
- 5 kg/cm2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hypocotyl, primary leaf, and root growth are accelerated up to 5 kg/cm2 and inhibited above that pressure, especially in CO2 containing gas mixtures”
e1“Pharbitis Nil (morning glory), Avena sativa (oats), Hibiscus esculentus (okura) and Pisum sativum (pea) are used as mate-rials”
Claim · model-written summary
Pressure had little effect on cotyledon and coleoptile growth.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis Nil (morning glory), Avena sativa (oats), Hibiscus esculentus (okura) and Pisum sativum (pea)Lathyrus oleraceusAvena sativaIpomoea nilAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- atmospheric pressurese2
- Outcome
- cotyledon and coleoptile growthe0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rather little effect is observed in the cotyledon and coleoptile growth”
e1“Pharbitis Nil (morning glory), Avena sativa (oats), Hibiscus esculentus (okura) and Pisum sativum (pea) are used as mate-rials”
e2“Seedling growth under several different atmospheric pressures”
Claim · model-written summary
High pressure depressed chlorophyll synthesis.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis Nil (morning glory), Avena sativa (oats), Hibiscus esculentus (okura) and Pisum sativum (pea)Lathyrus oleraceusAvena sativaIpomoea nilAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- high pressuree0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll synthesise0
- Direction
- depressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll synthesis is depressed under high pressure but recovers easily when the pressure is lowered”
e1“Pharbitis Nil (morning glory), Avena sativa (oats), Hibiscus esculentus (okura) and Pisum sativum (pea) are used as mate-rials”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll synthesis recovered after pressure was lowered.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis Nil (morning glory), Avena sativa (oats), Hibiscus esculentus (okura) and Pisum sativum (pea)Lathyrus oleraceusAvena sativaIpomoea nilAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- pressure is lowerede0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll synthesise0
- Direction
- recoverse0
- Comparator
- high pressuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll synthesis is depressed under high pressure but recovers easily when the pressure is lowered”
e1“Pharbitis Nil (morning glory), Avena sativa (oats), Hibiscus esculentus (okura) and Pisum sativum (pea) are used as mate-rials”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh weight increased with hypocotyl elongation.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis Nil (morning glory), Avena sativa (oats), Hibiscus esculentus (okura) and Pisum sativum (pea)Lathyrus oleraceusAvena sativaIpomoea nilAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Organ / stage
- hypocotyle0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fresh weight is increased parallel to the increase of hypocotyl elongation”
e1“Pharbitis Nil (morning glory), Avena sativa (oats), Hibiscus esculentus (okura) and Pisum sativum (pea) are used as mate-rials”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry weight markedly decreased by the end of growth.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis Nil (morning glory), Avena sativa (oats), Hibiscus esculentus (okura) and Pisum sativum (pea)Lathyrus oleraceusAvena sativaIpomoea nilAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- atmospheric pressurese2
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“however, the dry weight is markedly decreased”
e1“Pharbitis Nil (morning glory), Avena sativa (oats), Hibiscus esculentus (okura) and Pisum sativum (pea) are used as mate-rials”
e2“Seedling growth under several different atmospheric pressures”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry weight decreased more at 5 than 6 kg/cm2.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis Nil (morning glory), Avena sativa (oats), Hibiscus esculentus (okura) and Pisum sativum (pea)Lathyrus oleraceusAvena sativaIpomoea nilAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- 5 kg/cm2e0
- Outcome
- rate of this dry weight decreasee0
- Direction
- largere0
- Comparator
- 6 kg/cm2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rate of this dry weight decrease is larger in case of 5 kg/cm2 than in 6 kg/cm2 storage”
e1“Pharbitis Nil (morning glory), Avena sativa (oats), Hibiscus esculentus (okura) and Pisum sativum (pea) are used as mate-rials”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds stored at 11 kg/cm2 kept higher germination ability than open-air seeds.
Verbatim
e0“seeds stored under atmospheric pressure of 11 kg/cm2 or 21 kg/cm2 keep higher germination ability than the one stored in open air”
e1“In experiments using 8 plant species”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds stored at 21 kg/cm2 kept higher germination ability than open-air seeds.
Verbatim
e0“seeds stored under atmospheric pressure of 11 kg/cm2 or 21 kg/cm2 keep higher germination ability than the one stored in open air”
e1“In experiments using 8 plant species”
Claim · model-written summary
Pressure-stored seeds grew normally on open-air beds.
Verbatim
e0“The former seeds maintain the ability to grow normally, when they are germinated on open air experimental beds”
e1“In experiments using 8 plant species”