Abstract
Elevated temperature during grain filling resulted in reduced single grain weight due largely to an effect of temperature on the accumulation of starch in the endosperm. Wheat endosperm was cultured in vitro on solutions of [14C]sucrose and the responses to variation in temperature within the range 15-35°C were evaluated in terms of the absorption of radioactive sugar, the evolution of 14CO2, and the incorporation of radioactivity into starch. At 35°C the level of 14C in the intracellular pool of soluble carbohydrate was higher than it was at 30°C, and the average Q,10 for 14CO2 production was 2.1. Incorporation of 14C into starch was greater at 30°C than at 25°C, but at 35°C only half as much [14C]starch was produced compared with that at 30°C. Residual effects of exposure of ears to brief episodes of elevated temperature were investigated by culturing endosperm isolated from such ears on [14C]sucrose at a standard temperature (25°C). Two days of exposure resulted in greater amounts of [14C]starch produced, due to accelerated starch depo- sition, but longer periods (4-6 days) at elevated temperature resulted in substantial reductions in [14C]starch deposition. Exposure to elevated temperature also hastened the onset of chlorophyll degradation in the pericarp of the grain. Two types of response to temperature appear to be involved: a comparatively low temperature optimum for starch synthesis, and an irreversible reduction in the capacity of the endosperm to convert sucrose to starch resulting from exposure of the ears, or the grains themselves, to elevated temperature.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated temperature during grain filling reduced single grain weight in wheat.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivume2 - Treatment
- Elevated temperature during grain fillinge1
- Outcome
- single grain weighte1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Wheat endosperm was cultured in vitro on solutions of [14C]sucrose”
e1“Elevated temperature during grain filling resulted in reduced single grain weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced grain weight under elevated temperature is due largely to an effect of temperature on starch accumulation in the endosperm.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume2
- Outcome
- accumulation of starch in the endosperme3
- Qualifier
- due largely to an effect of temperaturee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Wheat endosperm was cultured in vitro on solutions of [14C]sucrose”
e3“due largely to an effect of temperature on the accumulation of starch in the endosperm”
Claim · model-written summary
At 35°C the level of 14C in the intracellular soluble carbohydrate pool was higher than at 30°C.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- 35°Ce4
- Outcome
- level of 14C in the intracellular pool of soluble carbohydratee4
- Direction
- highere4
- Comparator
- 30°Ce4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Wheat endosperm was cultured in vitro on solutions of [14C]sucrose”
e4“At 35°C the level of 14C in the intracellular pool of soluble carbohydrate was higher than it was at 30°C”
Claim · model-written summary
The average Q10 for 14CO2 production in wheat endosperm was 2.1.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume2
- Outcome
- Q,10 for 14CO2 productione5
- Value
- 2.1e5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Wheat endosperm was cultured in vitro on solutions of [14C]sucrose”
e5“the average Q,10 for 14CO2 production was 2.1”
Claim · model-written summary
Incorporation of 14C into starch was greater at 30°C than at 25°C.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- 30°Ce6
- Outcome
- incorporation of 14C into starche6
- Direction
- greatere6
- Comparator
- 25°Ce6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Wheat endosperm was cultured in vitro on solutions of [14C]sucrose”
e6“Incorporation of 14C into starch was greater at 30°C than at 25°C”
Claim · model-written summary
At 35°C only half as much 14C-starch was produced as at 30°C.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- 35°Ce7
- Outcome
- [14C]starche7
- Direction
- only half as muche7
- Comparator
- 30°Ce7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Wheat endosperm was cultured in vitro on solutions of [14C]sucrose”
e7“but at 35°C only half as much [14C]starch was produced compared with that at 30°C”
Claim · model-written summary
Two days of elevated-temperature exposure of the ears resulted in greater 14C-starch production by endosperm.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- Two days of exposuree3
- Outcome
- [14C]starche3
- Direction
- greater amountse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Wheat endosperm was cultured in vitro on solutions of [14C]sucrose”
e3“Two days of exposure resulted in greater amounts of [14C]starch produced”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer periods of 4-6 days at elevated temperature substantially reduced 14C-starch deposition.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- longer periods (4-6 days) at elevated temperaturee3
- Outcome
- [14C]starch depositione3
- Direction
- substantial reductionse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Wheat endosperm was cultured in vitro on solutions of [14C]sucrose”
e3“longer periods (4-6 days) at elevated temperature resulted in substantial reductions in [14C]starch deposition”
Claim · model-written summary
Exposure to elevated temperature hastened the onset of chlorophyll degradation in the pericarp.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume2
- Organ / stage
- pericarpe3
- Treatment
- Exposure to elevated temperaturee3
- Outcome
- onset of chlorophyll degradatione3
- Direction
- hastenede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Wheat endosperm was cultured in vitro on solutions of [14C]sucrose”
e3“Exposure to elevated temperature also hastened the onset of chlorophyll degradation in the pericarp of the grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Endosperm starch synthesis has a comparatively low temperature optimum.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume2
- Outcome
- temperature optimum for starch synthesise3
- Qualifier
- comparatively lowe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Wheat endosperm was cultured in vitro on solutions of [14C]sucrose”
e3“a comparatively low temperature optimum for starch synthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
Exposure of the ears or grains to elevated temperature irreversibly reduced the capacity of the endosperm to convert sucrose to starch.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- exposure of the ears, or the grains themselves, to elevated temperaturee3
- Outcome
- capacity of the endosperm to convert sucrose to starche3
- Qualifier
- irreversible reductione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Wheat endosperm was cultured in vitro on solutions of [14C]sucrose”
e3“an irreversible reduction in the capacity of the endosperm to convert sucrose to starch resulting from exposure of the ears, or the grains themselves, to elevated temperature”
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See all 309 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.