Abstract
【Objective】 To evaluate the effect of organic manure and fertilizers long-term located application on soil nutrients and crop yield.【Method】 The results of crop yields and soil nutrients were measured and collected based on a 22-year long-term located application of organic manure and fertilizers experiment in Yucheng city of Shandong Province.【Result】 The effect of chemical fertilizers on winter wheat yield was better than organic manure during the first 8-10 years,but the reverse result was observed in summer maize yield.The combined effect of chemical fertilizers with organic manure on wheat and maize yields was very obvious.However,with prolonged application,the yields of each treatment,no matter with organic manure or chemical fertilizer or combined,turned out similar.Soil organic matter content increased with time and application level of organic manure during the 22 years.Soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents were found unrelated to the application rate of chemical fertilizers in this long-term experiment.Increased application of chemical fertilizer could enhance soil available nutrient contents and at the same time be kept relatively stable to some extent.【Conclusion】 The effect of chemical fertilizer on winter wheat yield was better than organic manure during the first 10 years,however,a reverse result was observed in summer maize yield,and after that the crop yields of all treatments were found similar.Therefore,increased application of fertilizer did not improve the crop yield.The effect of organic manure on soil organic C and N content increase was much better than chemical fertilizer,and the soil organic C and N content increased with the application rate of organic manure.Soil organic C and N content could not be improved by application increase of chemical fertilizer.With prolonged application,organic manure could improve soil available nutrients content continually,and its effect was found much obvious than that of chemical fertilizer.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical fertilizers outperformed organic manure for winter wheat yield in the first 8–10 years.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- chemical fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- winter wheat yielde0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Qualifier
- first 8-10 yearse0
- Comparator
- organic manuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of chemical fertilizers on winter wheat yield was better than organic manure during the first 8-10 years”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manure outperformed chemical fertilizers for summer maize yield in the initial period.
- Treatment
- organic manuree0
- Outcome
- summer maize yielde0
- Direction
- reversee0
- Qualifier
- first 8-10 yearse0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizerse0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of chemical fertilizers on winter wheat yield was better than organic manure during the first 8-10 years,but the reverse result was observed in summer maize yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined chemical fertilizer and manure had a marked effect on wheat yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- chemical fertilizers with organic manuree0
- Outcome
- wheate0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined effect of chemical fertilizers with organic manure on wheat and maize yields was very obvious”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined chemical fertilizer and manure had a marked effect on maize yield.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined effect of chemical fertilizers with organic manure on wheat and maize yields was very obvious”
Claim · model-written summary
Yields across treatments became similar with prolonged application.
Verbatim
e0“with prolonged application,the yields of each treatment,no matter with organic manure or chemical fertilizer or combined,turned out similar”
t0“Soil Fertility and Crop Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil organic matter increased over time and with manure application level.
Verbatim
e0“Soil organic matter content increased with time and application level of organic manure during the 22 years”
t0“Soil Fertility and Crop Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil organic matter and total nitrogen were unrelated to chemical fertilizer rate.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents were found unrelated to the application rate of chemical fertilizers”
t0“Soil Fertility and Crop Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher chemical fertilizer application increased available soil nutrients.
- Taxon
- cropt0
- Treatment
- chemical fertilizere0
- Outcome
- soil available nutrient contentse0
- Direction
- enhancee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Increased application of chemical fertilizer could enhance soil available nutrient contents and at the same time be kept relatively stable to some extent”
t0“Soil Fertility and Crop Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing fertilizer application did not improve crop yield.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“increased application of fertilizer did not improve the crop yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manure increased soil organic C and N more than chemical fertilizer.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of organic manure on soil organic C and N content increase was much better than chemical fertilizer”
t0“Soil Fertility and Crop Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil organic C and N increased with organic manure rate.
Verbatim
e0“the soil organic C and N content increased with the application rate of organic manure”
t0“Soil Fertility and Crop Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
More chemical fertilizer did not improve soil organic C and N.
- Taxon
- cropt0
- Treatment
- chemical fertilizere0
- Outcome
- Soil organic C and N contente0
- Direction
- could not be improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Soil organic C and N content could not be improved by application increase of chemical fertilizer”
t0“Soil Fertility and Crop Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Over prolonged use, manure improved available soil nutrients more than chemical fertilizer.
Verbatim
e0“With prolonged application,organic manure could improve soil available nutrients content continually,and its effect was found much obvious than that of chemical fertilizer”
t0“Soil Fertility and Crop Yield”
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