Abstract
A japanica rice (var, Norin-17) and two indica rice (var, IR-8 and Boshito) were used to test the effects of temperature treatment separately given to the panicle and the straw including roots upon the ripening and the distribution of assimilates to the both parts. The plots of treatments are indicated as follows: 35/35, 30/35, 35/30, 30/30, 25/25, 20/25, 25/20, 20/20 in 1969 and 35/35, 25/35, 35/25, 25/25°C in 1970. The numerator indicates day-air-temperature around the panicle, and the denominator around the straw, respectively. The night-temperature is 5°C lower than the respective day-temperature. 1) In the three varieties, 1000-kernel-weight was markedly decreased by high panicle temperature (35°C), but increased by near optimum panicle temperature (20-25°C). Lowering of temperature around the straw was also effective, but not so significant in improving 1000-kernel-weight. The kernels ripened under high panicle temperature became inferior in quality with least normal, but much opaque, chalky, and milky-white kernels. 2) Sol.-N/Prot.-N ratio in the straw was increased when both panicle and straw or straw only were treated at high temperature. The total sugar concentrations and total-surgar/ crude-starch ratios in both panicle and straw were also increased by treating the panicle or straw or both by high temperature, suggesting some physiological abnormality occurred in the plant. 3) The amount of TAC (total available carbohydrate) stored per tiller was greatest at 25/25, being followed in order by 35/25, 25/35, 35/35. Relatively more TAC was translocated and stored in the panicle with the less amount remained in the straw, when the panicle was treated with lower temperature. On the contrary, the total nitrogen accumulation per tiller was greater under higher temperature, greatest at 35/35, being followed by 25/35, 35/25, 25/25 in order. However, when the temperature around panicle was lowered relatively more nitrogen accumulated in the panicle, resulting in less nitrogen in the straw. The high nitrogen accumulation under high temperature was partly caused by new tillers with new roots emerged from higher nodes after about two weeks of treatment. 4) The leading factor which decreased 1000-kernel-weight under high air-temperature was considered to be an early cease of the receiving function of panicle of assimilates from the straw, although the temperature around straw was also effective in changing 1000O-kernel-weight.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
High panicle temperature decreased 1000-kernel weight in three rice varieties.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- high panicle temperature (35°C)e0
- Outcome
- 1000-kernel-weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the three varieties, 1000-kernel-weight was markedly decreased by high panicle temperature (35°C)”
t0“Rice Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Near optimum panicle temperature increased 1000-kernel weight.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- near optimum panicle temperature (20-25°C)e0
- Outcome
- 1000-kernel-weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1000-kernel-weight was markedly decreased by high panicle temperature (35°C), but increased by near optimum panicle temperature (20-25°C)”
t0“Rice Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower straw temperature improved 1000-kernel weight, less strongly than panicle temperature.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Lowering of temperature around the strawe0
- Outcome
- 1000-kernel-weighte0
- Direction
- improvinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lowering of temperature around the straw was also effective, but not so significant in improving 1000-kernel-weight.”
t0“Rice Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
High panicle temperature reduced grain quality with fewer normal and more opaque, chalky and milky-white kernels.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- high panicle temperaturee0
- Outcome
- inferior in quality with least normal, but much opaque, chalky, and milky-white kernelse0
- Direction
- inferiore0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The kernels ripened under high panicle temperature became inferior in quality with least normal, but much opaque, chalky, and milky-white kernels.”
t0“Rice Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
High straw temperature increased the soluble nitrogen to protein nitrogen ratio.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- straw only were treated at high temperaturee0
- Outcome
- Sol.-N/Prot.-N ratio in the strawe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sol.-N/Prot.-N ratio in the straw was increased when both panicle and straw or straw only were treated at high temperature.”
t0“Rice Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature of both panicle and straw increased the soluble nitrogen to protein nitrogen ratio in straw.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- both panicle and strawe0
- Outcome
- Sol.-N/Prot.-N ratio in the strawe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sol.-N/Prot.-N ratio in the straw was increased when both panicle and straw or straw only were treated at high temperature.”
t0“Rice Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature of panicle or straw increased total sugar concentrations in both organs.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- treating the panicle or straw or both by high temperaturee0
- Outcome
- total sugar concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total sugar concentrations and total-surgar/ crude-starch ratios in both panicle and straw were also increased by treating the panicle or straw or both by high temperature”
t0“Rice Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature of panicle or straw increased total sugar to crude starch ratios.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- treating the panicle or straw or both by high temperaturee0
- Outcome
- total-surgar/ crude-starch ratiose0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total sugar concentrations and total-surgar/ crude-starch ratios in both panicle and straw were also increased by treating the panicle or straw or both by high temperature”
t0“Rice Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Total available carbohydrate per tiller was greatest at 25/25, followed by 35/25, 25/35 and 35/35.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 25/25e0
- Outcome
- TAC (total available carbohydrate) stored per tillere0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Comparator
- 35/25, 25/35, 35/35e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amount of TAC (total available carbohydrate) stored per tiller was greatest at 25/25, being followed in order by 35/25, 25/35, 35/35.”
t0“Rice Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower panicle temperature shifted more total available carbohydrate into the panicle and left less in straw.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- lower temperaturee0
- Outcome
- TAC was translocated and stored in the paniclee0
- Direction
- Relatively moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relatively more TAC was translocated and stored in the panicle with the less amount remained in the straw, when the panicle was treated with lower temperature.”
t0“Rice Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Total nitrogen accumulation per tiller was greatest at 35/35, declining through 25/35, 35/25 and 25/25.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- higher temperaturee0
- Outcome
- total nitrogen accumulation per tillere0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- 25/35, 35/25, 25/25e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the total nitrogen accumulation per tiller was greater under higher temperature, greatest at 35/35, being followed by 25/35, 35/25, 25/25 in order.”
t0“Rice Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower panicle temperature shifted nitrogen accumulation toward panicle and away from straw.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- temperature around panicle was lowerede0
- Outcome
- nitrogen accumulated in the paniclee0
- Direction
- relatively moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when the temperature around panicle was lowered relatively more nitrogen accumulated in the panicle, resulting in less nitrogen in the straw.”
t0“Rice Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature induced new tillers with new roots from higher nodes after about two weeks.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- high temperaturee1
- Outcome
- new tillers with new roots emerged from higher nodese0
- Qualifier
- after about two weeks of treatmente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“new tillers with new roots emerged from higher nodes after about two weeks of treatment.”
e1“high nitrogen accumulation under high temperature”
t0“Rice Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed reduced kernel weight at high air temperature chiefly to early loss of the panicle receiving function.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- 1000-kernel-weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- an early cease of the receiving function of panicle of assimilates from the strawe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The leading factor which decreased 1000-kernel-weight under high air-temperature was considered to be an early cease of the receiving function of panicle of assimilates from the straw”
t0“Rice Plant”
The same questions in other papers
heat · quality: sugar starch · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
34 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
36 papers more in this group
See all 40 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.