Abstract
1. 3 days after the frowering, the endosperm cells migrate towards the walls of the embryo sac against the impoverished nucellus. (Fig. 1) 4 days after the flowering, the endosperm cells undergo rapid divisions. 5 days after the flowering, these initial endosperm cells undergo further divisions. Cell divisions proceed until the whole sac becomes completely filled up with endosperm tissue. (Fig. 2) 6 days after the flowering, the endosperm cells begin to from the aleurone layer, so cell divisions already have done. (Fig. 3) 7 days after the flowering, the center line appears clearly in the middle of young kernel. Around the center line the starchy endosperm cells are spindly shape with their longer diameters parallel to the long axis of the kernel in the longitudinal section. In this form the length of kernel is nearing completion. (Fig, 4, 5) Since then the starchy endosperm cells grow up in dorso-ventral direction and become rectangular with their long diameters parallel to the minor axis of the kernel in the longitudinal section. (Fig. 6, 7, 8) In that form dorso-ventral diameter of kernel is nearing completion about 10 days after the flowering, but few layers of starchy endosperm in the neighbourhood of aleurone layer continue to grow up until about 15 days after the flowering. The growth of lateral diameter of kernel is similarly done as that of dorso-ventral diameter, and is nearing completion about 15 days after the flowering. Rice kernels begin to become translucent from the center line, and the translucent area proceed around, and that progression in the ventral part of kernel is slowly than in the dorsal part. There is high correlation between the ventral diameter and the dorso-ventral diameter. (Table 1, 2). 2. White-belly is frequently observed in grain that has large ventral part of kernel, and this shows that nutrient locomotion is insufficient to fill the well-developed ventral part. Sometimes, white-belly is found in grain that has minor ventral part ; in this case, it is recognized that the accumulation of nutrient is too poor in spite of decrease of ventral part. (Table 1, 2). 3. In the notched-belly kernel, it is observed that the atarch-cells of the notched portion of the kernel nearly stopped their growth at early atage of development, but those of the other portion continued their growth, and in milk-white grain, the starchy endosperm cells of opaque part show poor development and insufficiency of nutrient accumulation. (Fig. 11, 12, 13, 14, 15).
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Endosperm cells moved toward the embryo-sac wall three days after flowering.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Organ / stage
- endosperm cellse0
- Outcome
- endosperm cells migrate towards the walls of the embryo sace0
- Qualifier
- 3 days after the froweringe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“3 days after the frowering, the endosperm cells migrate towards the walls of the embryo sac against the impoverished nucellus”
e1“3 days after the frowering, the endosperm cells migrate towards the walls of the embryo sac against the impoverished nucellus”
t0“Rice Kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
Endosperm cells divided rapidly four days after flowering.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- endosperm cells undergo rapid divisionse0
- Qualifier
- 4 days after the floweringe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“4 days after the flowering, the endosperm cells undergo rapid divisions”
e1“4 days after the flowering, the endosperm cells undergo rapid divisions”
t0“Rice Kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
Initial endosperm cells underwent further division five days after flowering.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- initial endosperm cells undergo further divisionse0
- Qualifier
- 5 days after the floweringe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“5 days after the flowering, these initial endosperm cells undergo further divisions”
e1“5 days after the flowering, these initial endosperm cells undergo further divisions”
t0“Rice Kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
Cell division continued until endosperm filled the embryo sac.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- whole sac becomes completely filled up with endosperm tissuee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cell divisions proceed until the whole sac becomes completely filled up with endosperm tissue”
e1“Cell divisions proceed until the whole sac becomes completely filled up with endosperm tissue”
t0“Rice Kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
Endosperm cells began forming the aleurone layer six days after flowering.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- endosperm cells begin to from the aleurone layere0
- Qualifier
- 6 days after the floweringe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“6 days after the flowering, the endosperm cells begin to from the aleurone layer, so cell divisions already have done”
e1“6 days after the flowering, the endosperm cells begin to from the aleurone layer, so cell divisions already have done”
t0“Rice Kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
The center line appeared clearly seven days after flowering.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- center line appears clearly in the middle of young kernele0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“7 days after the flowering, the center line appears clearly in the middle of young kernel”
e1“7 days after the flowering, the center line appears clearly in the middle of young kernel”
t0“Rice Kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
Starchy cells around the center line were spindle-shaped and aligned with the kernel long axis.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- starchy endosperm cells are spindly shape with their longer diameters parallel to the long axis of the kernele0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Around the center line the starchy endosperm cells are spindly shape with their longer diameters parallel to the long axis of the kernel in the longitudinal section”
e1“Around the center line the starchy endosperm cells are spindly shape with their longer diameters parallel to the long axis of the kernel in the longitudinal section”
t0“Rice Kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
Kernel length was nearing completion in this spindle-shaped stage.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- length of kernel is nearing completione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In this form the length of kernel is nearing completion”
e1“In this form the length of kernel is nearing completion”
t0“Rice Kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
Starchy endosperm cells then grew dorsoventrally and became rectangular.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- starchy endosperm cells grow up in dorso-ventral direction and become rectangulare0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Since then the starchy endosperm cells grow up in dorso-ventral direction and become rectangular with their long diameters parallel to the minor axis of the kernel in the longitudinal section”
e1“Since then the starchy endosperm cells grow up in dorso-ventral direction and become rectangular with their long diameters parallel to the minor axis of the kernel in the longitudinal section”
t0“Rice Kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
Kernel dorsoventral diameter neared completion about ten days after flowering.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- dorso-ventral diameter of kernele0
- Direction
- nearing completione0
- Value
- 10 dayse0
- Qualifier
- after the floweringe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dorso-ventral diameter of kernel is nearing completion about 10 days after the flowering”
e1“dorso-ventral diameter of kernel is nearing completion about 10 days after the flowering”
t0“Rice Kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
Starchy endosperm near the aleurone layer continued growing until about fifteen days after flowering.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- starchy endosperm in the neighbourhood of aleurone layere0
- Direction
- continue to grow upe0
- Value
- 15 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“few layers of starchy endosperm in the neighbourhood of aleurone layer continue to grow up until about 15 days after the flowering”
e1“few layers of starchy endosperm in the neighbourhood of aleurone layer continue to grow up until about 15 days after the flowering”
t0“Rice Kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
Kernel lateral diameter neared completion about fifteen days after flowering.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- lateral diameter of kernele0
- Direction
- nearing completione0
- Value
- 15 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of lateral diameter of kernel is similarly done as that of dorso-ventral diameter, and is nearing completion about 15 days after the flowering”
e1“The growth of lateral diameter of kernel is similarly done as that of dorso-ventral diameter, and is nearing completion about 15 days after the flowering”
t0“Rice Kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
Translucency began at the center line and spread outward.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- translucent area proceed arounde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice kernels begin to become translucent from the center line, and the translucent area proceed around”
e1“Rice kernels begin to become translucent from the center line, and the translucent area proceed around”
Claim · model-written summary
Translucency progressed more slowly in the ventral than dorsal kernel.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- progression in the ventral part of kernele0
- Direction
- slowly thane0
- Comparator
- dorsal parte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“that progression in the ventral part of kernel is slowly than in the dorsal part”
e1“that progression in the ventral part of kernel is slowly than in the dorsal part”
t0“Rice Kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
Ventral diameter correlated highly with dorsoventral diameter.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- kernelt0
- Outcome
- ventral diametere0
- Qualifier
- high correlation between the ventral diameter and the dorso-ventral diametere0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There is high correlation between the ventral diameter and the dorso-ventral diameter”
e1“There is high correlation between the ventral diameter and the dorso-ventral diameter”
t0“Rice Kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
White-belly frequently occurred in kernels with large ventral parts.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Outcome
- White-bellye0
- Qualifier
- large ventral part of kernele0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“White-belly is frequently observed in grain that has large ventral part of kernel”
e1“White-belly is frequently observed in grain that has large ventral part of kernel”
t0“Rice Kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
Insufficient nutrient movement was proposed to explain white-belly in large ventral parts.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- ventral parte0
- Outcome
- nutrient locomotion is insufficient to fill the well-developed ventral parte0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this shows that nutrient locomotion is insufficient to fill the well-developed ventral part”
e1“this shows that nutrient locomotion is insufficient to fill the well-developed ventral part”
t0“Rice Kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
White-belly sometimes appeared even in kernels with a small ventral part, associated with poor nutrient accumulation.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Outcome
- white-bellye0
- Qualifier
- accumulation of nutrient is too poore0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sometimes, white-belly is found in grain that has minor ventral part ; in this case, it is recognized that the accumulation of nutrient is too poor in spite of decrease of ventral part”
e1“Sometimes, white-belly is found in grain that has minor ventral part ; in this case, it is recognized that the accumulation of nutrient is too poor in spite of decrease of ventral part”
t0“Rice Kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
In notched-belly kernels, starch cells in the notch stopped growing early while cells elsewhere continued growth.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- atarch-cells of the notched portion of the kernel nearly stopped their growthe0
- Direction
- stopped their growthe0
- Qualifier
- those of the other portion continued their growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the atarch-cells of the notched portion of the kernel nearly stopped their growth at early atage of development, but those of the other portion continued their growth”
e1“the atarch-cells of the notched portion of the kernel nearly stopped their growth at early atage of development, but those of the other portion continued their growth”
t0“Rice Kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
Opaque starchy endosperm in milk-white grain developed poorly and accumulated insufficient nutrients.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- starchy endosperm cells of opaque part show poor development and insufficiency of nutrient accumulatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in milk-white grain, the starchy endosperm cells of opaque part show poor development and insufficiency of nutrient accumulation”
e1“in milk-white grain, the starchy endosperm cells of opaque part show poor development and insufficiency of nutrient accumulation”
t0“Rice Kernels”