Abstract
Four clones of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) from two provenances, at 53.2 degrees N (Skidegate a and Skidegate b) and at 41.3 degrees N (North Bend a and North Bend b), were grown near Edinburgh (55.5 degrees N), U.K., for three growing seasons in ambient (~350 micromol per mol) and elevated (~700 micromol per mol) CO2 concentrations under conditions of non-limiting water and nutrient supply. Bud phenology was not affected by elevated [CO2] in the second growing season, but in the third year, the duration of shoot extension growth in three of the four clones (North Bend clones and Skidegate a) was significantly shortened, because of the suppression of lammas growth. Saplings in elevated [CO2] had significantly greater dry masses of all components than saplings in ambient [CO2]. However, comparison of relative component dry masses between plants of similar size showed no effect of [CO2] treatment on plant allometric relationships. This finding, and the observed suppression of lammas growth by high [CO2] during the third growing season suggests that the main effect of increasing [CO2] is to accelerate sapling development. Clonal provenance did not affect dry mass production in ambient [CO2]. However, in elevated [CO2] the more southerly clones significantly out-performed the more northerly clones when grown at a latitude close to the latitudinal provenance of the Skidegate clones. As atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration rises, such changes in the relative performance of genotypes may be exploited for economic gain through appropriate selection of provenances for forest plantings.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
In the third year, elevated CO2 significantly shortened shoot extension growth duration in three of four clones, through suppression of lammas growth.
- Taxon
- Sitka spruce
.jpg?width=60)
Picea sitchensist0 - Material
- North Bend clones and Skidegate ae0
- Treatment
- elevated (~700 micromol per mol) CO2e1
- Outcome
- duration of shoot extension growthe0
- Direction
- shortenede0
- Qualifier
- suppression of lammas growthe0
- Comparator
- ambient (~350 micromol per mol)e1
- Setting
- near Edinburgh (55.5 degrees N), U.K.e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“four clones of Sitka spruce”
e0“in the third year, the duration of shoot extension growth in three of the four clones (North Bend clones and Skidegate a) was significantly shortened, because of the suppression of lammas growth”
e1“grown near Edinburgh (55.5 degrees N), U.K., for three growing seasons in ambient (~350 micromol per mol) and elevated (~700 micromol per mol) CO2 concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Bud phenology was not affected by elevated CO2 in the second growing season.
- Taxon
- Sitka sprucePicea sitchensist0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO2]e0
- Outcome
- Bud phenologye0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“four clones of Sitka spruce”
e0“Bud phenology was not affected by elevated [CO2] in the second growing season”
Claim · model-written summary
Saplings in elevated CO2 had significantly greater dry masses of all components than saplings in ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- Sitka sprucePicea sitchensist0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO2]e1
- Outcome
- dry masses of all componentse1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Comparator
- ambient [CO2]e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“four clones of Sitka spruce”
e1“Saplings in elevated [CO2] had significantly greater dry masses of all components than saplings in ambient [CO2]”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 had no effect on plant allometric relationships between plants of similar size.
- Taxon
- Sitka sprucePicea sitchensist0
- Treatment
- [CO2] treatmente2
- Outcome
- plant allometric relationshipse2
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“four clones of Sitka spruce”
e2“comparison of relative component dry masses between plants of similar size showed no effect of [CO2] treatment on plant allometric relationships”
Claim · model-written summary
The main effect of increasing CO2 is interpreted as accelerating sapling development.
- Taxon
- Sitka sprucePicea sitchensist0
- Treatment
- increasing [CO2]e3
- Outcome
- sapling developmente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“four clones of Sitka spruce”
e3“the observed suppression of lammas growth by high [CO2] during the third growing season suggests that the main effect of increasing [CO2] is to accelerate sapling development”
Claim · model-written summary
Clonal provenance did not affect dry mass production in ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- Sitka sprucePicea sitchensist0
- Material
- Clonal provenancee4
- Treatment
- ambient [CO2]e4
- Outcome
- dry mass productione4
- Direction
- did not affecte4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“four clones of Sitka spruce”
e4“Clonal provenance did not affect dry mass production in ambient [CO2]”
Claim · model-written summary
In elevated CO2, the more southerly clones significantly out-performed the more northerly clones in dry mass production.
- Taxon
- Sitka sprucePicea sitchensist0
- Material
- the more southerly clonese5
- Treatment
- elevated [CO2]e5
- Outcome
- dry mass productione4
- Direction
- out-performede5
- Comparator
- the more northerly clonese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“four clones of Sitka spruce”
e5“in elevated [CO2] the more southerly clones significantly out-performed the more northerly clones”
e4“Clonal provenance did not affect dry mass production in ambient [CO2]”
Claim · model-written summary
Selection of provenances for forest plantings may be exploited for economic gain as CO2 rises.
- Taxon
- Sitka sprucePicea sitchensist0
- Outcome
- appropriate selection of provenances for forest plantingse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“four clones of Sitka spruce”
e6“such changes in the relative performance of genotypes may be exploited for economic gain through appropriate selection of provenances for forest plantings”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · growth · Picea sitchensis (Sitka spruce)Results differ
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.