Abstract
The effect of successive fertilization of the excess farmyard manure on the tomato yield, the occurrence of blossom-end rot and change of meso-faunas and microorganisms population in soil were studied under greenhouse condition. The results obtained were as follows.The farmyard manure used in this study contained 2.8% nitrogen, 2.8% potassium and 2.4% calcium.The fruit yield obtained from the plot which was supplied 5 t/10 a farmyard manure was 1.2 t/10 a more than that from 50 t/10 a at the first cropping. But, the yield from heavily manured plot and that from light manured plot were reversed at 2nd cropping.In the 3rd cropping, the fruit yield reached the maximum during all croppings, even when blossom-end rot occurred. Outbreak and severity of blossom-end rot increased by fertilization of heavy manure and by accumulation of salts. Accordingly, in the 4th (1981) and the 5th (1982) croppings the fruit yields decreased markedly by blossom-end rot and Fusarium wilt.Blossom-end rot and disorders of tomatoes increased with a decreasing K/Ca ratio in the culture soil. The K/Ca ratios in the soils of 2nd and 3rd cropping which supplied 50 t/10 a farmyard manure were 0.25 and 0.2, respectively.It seems that the increase of blossomend rot was caused by the salts accumulation and ammonium production at early fruiting season.The populations of bacteria and fungi in the soils which supplied 50 and 5 t/10 a farmyard manure and was disinfected and not-disinfected varied with the growth of crops.The populations of Nematoda, Enchytraeidae and Acari increased remarkably from 1st to 2nd cropping, but decreased suddenly in 3rd one. It is not clear whether this sudden change was caused by a saltaccumulation or any other complex factors.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
At the first cropping, the 5 t/10 a manure plot yielded 1.2 t/10 a more fruit than the 50 t/10 a plot.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- 5 t/10 a farmyard manuree0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 1.2 t/10 ae0
- Qualifier
- at the first croppinge0
- Comparator
- 50 t/10 ae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“The fruit yield obtained from the plot which was supplied 5 t/10 a farmyard manure was 1.2 t/10 a more than that from 50 t/10 a at the first cropping”
Claim · model-written summary
The yield ranking of heavy and light manure plots reversed at the second cropping.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- heavily manured plote0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reversede0
- Comparator
- light manured plote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“the yield from heavily manured plot and that from light manured plot were reversed at 2nd cropping”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit yield reached its maximum in the third cropping despite blossom-end rot.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- fruite0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“In the 3rd cropping, the fruit yield reached the maximum during all croppings, even when blossom-end rot occurred”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy manure increased blossom-end rot outbreak and severity.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- fertilization of heavy manuree0
- Outcome
- Outbreak and severity of blossom-end rote0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“Outbreak and severity of blossom-end rot increased by fertilization of heavy manure and by accumulation of salts”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt accumulation increased blossom-end rot outbreak and severity.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- accumulation of saltse0
- Outcome
- Outbreak and severity of blossom-end rote0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“Outbreak and severity of blossom-end rot increased by fertilization of heavy manure and by accumulation of salts”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit yields decreased markedly in the fourth and fifth croppings with blossom-end rot and Fusarium wilt.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- fruit yieldse0
- Direction
- decreased markedlye0
- Qualifier
- 4th (1981) and the 5th (1982) croppingse0
FusariumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“in the 4th (1981) and the 5th (1982) croppings the fruit yields decreased markedly by blossom-end rot and Fusarium wilt”
Claim · model-written summary
Blossom-end rot and tomato disorders increased as soil K/Ca ratio decreased.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Compound
- K/Cae0
- Outcome
- Blossom-end rot and disorders of tomatoese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“Blossom-end rot and disorders of tomatoes increased with a decreasing K/Ca ratio in the culture soil”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed increased blossom-end rot to salt accumulation and ammonium production early in fruiting.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Compound
- ammoniume0
- Outcome
- increase of blossomend rote0
- Qualifier
- at early fruiting seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“It seems that the increase of blossomend rot was caused by the salts accumulation and ammonium production at early fruiting season”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil bacteria and fungi populations varied with crop growth across manure and disinfection conditions.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 50 and 5 t/10 a farmyard manuree0
- Outcome
- populations of bacteria and fungie0
- Qualifier
- disinfected and not-disinfectede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“The populations of bacteria and fungi in the soils which supplied 50 and 5 t/10 a farmyard manure and was disinfected and not-disinfected varied with the growth of crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematoda populations rose from the first to second cropping and fell in the third.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- populations of Nematodae0
- Direction
- increased remarkablye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“The populations of Nematoda, Enchytraeidae and Acari increased remarkably from 1st to 2nd cropping, but decreased suddenly in 3rd one”
Claim · model-written summary
Enchytraeidae populations rose from the first to second cropping and fell in the third.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- Enchytraeidaee0
- Direction
- decreased suddenlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“The populations of Nematoda, Enchytraeidae and Acari increased remarkably from 1st to 2nd cropping, but decreased suddenly in 3rd one”
Claim · model-written summary
Acari populations rose from the first to second cropping and fell in the third.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- Acarie0
- Direction
- increased remarkablye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“The populations of Nematoda, Enchytraeidae and Acari increased remarkably from 1st to 2nd cropping, but decreased suddenly in 3rd one”
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