Abstract
Leaf expansion is known to be affected by N fertilization. Arthropod herbivore performance is known to be affected by changes in leaf chemistry that occur as leaves expand. Nitrogen (N) fertilization is known to affect arthropod herbivore performance, and the effects are assumed to be directly associated with changes in leaf chemistry. However, there is little known about the link between leaf expansion, leaf chemistry and herbivore responses to N fertilization. We examined how the developmental stage of 'young' Populus deltoides sapling leaves influenced the effects of N fertilization on leaf chemistry and the feeding performance of two folivorous beetles, Chrysomela scripta and Plagiodera versicolora. One-year-old saplings were grown at low, moderate, and high steady-state rates of N-addition in a glasshouse. Three leaf positions near the stem apex were used in feeding assays. Leaves were categorized into three leaf developmental stages based on continuous measurements of leaf expansion as follows: rapid expansion, completion of expansion, and cessation of expansion. Total leaf N, total soluble protein-N, total phenolic glycosides, and salicin concentrations were measured. Sapling growth rates and leaf development were both changed by rates of N-addition. Leaf N concentration was affected by rates of N-addition, but not changes in leaf development. Leaf protein-N concentration was not affected by either rates of N-addition or changes in leaf development. Total leaf phenolic glycoside and salicin concentration were only affected by changes in leaf development. C. scripta feeding was affected by both rates of N-addition and changes in leaf development. P. versicolora feeding was only affected by changes in leaf development. These data indicated that: (1) N fertilization affected leaf development, (2) changes in leaf chemistry caused by N fertilization were not directly or consistently associated with herbivore feeding behavior, and (3) changes in leaf development caused by N fertilization primarily accounted for herbivore feeding behavior.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Sapling growth rates and leaf development were both changed by the rate of N addition.
- Taxon
- Populus deltoides
Populus deltoidese0 - Treatment
- rates of N-additione1
- Outcome
- Sapling growth rates and leaf developmente1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populus deltoides”
e1“Sapling growth rates and leaf development were both changed by rates of N-addition”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf N concentration was affected by rates of N addition.
- Taxon
- Populus deltoidesPopulus deltoidese0
- Treatment
- rates of N-additione1
- Outcome
- Leaf N concentratione1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populus deltoides”
e1“Leaf N concentration was affected by rates of N-addition”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf N concentration was not affected by changes in leaf development.
- Taxon
- Populus deltoidesPopulus deltoidese0
- Treatment
- changes in leaf developmente1
- Outcome
- Leaf N concentratione1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populus deltoides”
e1“Leaf N concentration was affected by rates of N-addition, but not changes in leaf development”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf protein-N concentration was not affected by rates of N addition.
- Taxon
- Populus deltoidesPopulus deltoidese0
- Treatment
- rates of N-additione1
- Outcome
- Leaf protein-N concentratione1
- Direction
- not affectede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populus deltoides”
e1“Leaf protein-N concentration was not affected by either rates of N-addition or changes in leaf development”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf protein-N concentration was not affected by changes in leaf development.
- Taxon
- Populus deltoidesPopulus deltoidese0
- Treatment
- changes in leaf developmente1
- Outcome
- Leaf protein-N concentratione1
- Direction
- not affectede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populus deltoides”
e1“Leaf protein-N concentration was not affected by either rates of N-addition or changes in leaf development”
Claim · model-written summary
Total leaf phenolic glycoside and salicin concentrations were affected only by changes in leaf development.
- Taxon
- Populus deltoidesPopulus deltoidese0
- Treatment
- changes in leaf developmente1
- Outcome
- Total leaf phenolic glycoside and salicin concentratione1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populus deltoides”
e1“Total leaf phenolic glycoside and salicin concentration were only affected by changes in leaf development”
Claim · model-written summary
Chrysomela scripta feeding was affected by rates of N addition.
- Taxon
- Populus deltoidesPopulus deltoidese0
- Treatment
- rates of N-additione1
- Interactor
- C. scripta
Chrysomela scriptae1herbivore - Outcome
- C. scripta feedinge1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populus deltoides”
e1“C. scripta feeding was affected by both rates of N-addition and changes in leaf development”
Claim · model-written summary
Chrysomela scripta feeding was affected by changes in leaf development.
- Taxon
- Populus deltoidesPopulus deltoidese0
- Treatment
- changes in leaf developmente1
- Interactor
- C. scriptaChrysomela scriptae1herbivore
- Outcome
- C. scripta feedinge1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populus deltoides”
e1“C. scripta feeding was affected by both rates of N-addition and changes in leaf development”
Claim · model-written summary
Plagiodera versicolora feeding was affected only by changes in leaf development.
- Taxon
- Populus deltoidesPopulus deltoidese0
- Treatment
- changes in leaf developmente1
- Interactor
- P. versicolora
.jpg?width=60)
Plagiodera versicolorae1herbivore - Outcome
- P. versicolora feedinge1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Populus deltoides”
e1“P. versicolora feeding was only affected by changes in leaf development”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in leaf chemistry caused by N fertilization were not directly or consistently associated with herbivore feeding behavior.
- Taxon
- Populus deltoidesPopulus deltoidese0
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione1
- Interactor
- herbivoree1herbivore
- Outcome
- herbivore feeding behaviore1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populus deltoides”
e1“changes in leaf chemistry caused by N fertilization were not directly or consistently associated with herbivore feeding behavior”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in leaf development caused by N fertilization primarily accounted for herbivore feeding behavior.
- Taxon
- Populus deltoidesPopulus deltoidese0
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione1
- Interactor
- herbivoree1herbivore
- Outcome
- herbivore feeding behaviore1
- Qualifier
- changes in leaf developmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populus deltoides”
e1“changes in leaf development caused by N fertilization primarily accounted for herbivore feeding behavior”