Abstract
Organic fertilizer application is an effective approach to enhancing soil organic matter,soil biological activity as well as crop yield in agriculture.In the present research,a two-year field experiment was established to study the impacts of combined use of organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer( CF) on cotton yield,soil microbial biomass,soil enzymeactivities and soil microbial community structural composition in drip-irrigation condition in northern Xinjiang.Compared with CK,100% chemical fertilizer treatment( 300 kg N / hm2,90 kg P2O5/ hm2,60 kg K2 O / hm2) or treatments of organic manure at different rates combined with chemical fertilizer significantly increased( P 0.05) cotton yield.With chemical fertilizer or organic manure supply,cotton yield could be reached up to 4945—4978 kg / hm2,however,there was no statistical difference( P 0.05) among 100% CF fertilization and treatments with 20% to 40% chemical fertilizer substituted by 3000—6000 kg / hm2 organic fertilizer.The number of soil bacteria,actinomycetes as well as pseudomonas significantly increased with increasing amendment rate of organic manure,but the number of soil fungi decreased with organic fertilizer rates increasing.For instance,the number of soil bacteria increased by 13% —41% in the treatments of organic manure at different rates combined with CF than in the treatment with 100% CF,whereas,the number of soil fungi in the treatment with 100% CF fertilizer is 1.4—1.6 times higher than that in the treatment with organic manure combined with CF at budding stage of cotton.Organic fertilizer application significantly enhanced( P 0.05) soil enzyme activities.Compared with the treatment with 100% CF supply,soil enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase,fluorescein acetate esterase,β-glucosidase and dehydrogenase increased by 3.8%,17%,18% and 55% in the treatments with 80% CF combined with 3000 kg / hm2 organic manure,and increased by 10.1%,19%,20%,and 60% in the treatments with 60%CF fertilizer combined with 6000 kg / hm2 organic manure( BF-organic),respectively.The ratios of soil bacteria / fungi,soil actinomycetes / fungi and pseudomonas / fungi increased with increasing application rate of organic manure,but pseudomonas / bacteria ratio markedly reduced in the treatment with 100 CF or organic fertilizer supply.A significant positive correlation( P 0.05) was observed between the number of soil bacteria,actinomycetes and pseudomonas was significantly positively correlated with the activity of soil enzymes including dehydrogenase,β-glucosidase,alkaline phosphatase and fluorescein acetate esterase,respectively.However,an obvious negative correlation was observed between soil fungi number and the activity of soil enzymes such as dehydrogenase,β-glucosidase,alkaline phosphatase and fluorescein acetate esterase.Our conclusion is that 20% —40% of total chemical fertilizer application rate can be substituted by 3000—6000 kg / hm2 organic fertilizer with no cotton yield decrease.Moreover,organic fertilizer addition addition plays a significant role in increasing soil enzyme activities,regulating soil microbial community structural composition as well as improving soil biological properties in cotton mono-cropping system under drip-irrigation condition in northern Xinjiang.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical fertilizer alone or organic manure combined with chemical fertilizer significantly increased cotton yield compared with CK.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- organic manure at different rates combined with chemical fertilizere1
- Outcome
- cotton yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- CKe1
- Setting
- northern Xinjiange2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e1“Compared with CK,100% chemical fertilizer treatment( 300 kg N / hm2,90 kg P2O5/ hm2,60 kg K2 O / hm2) or treatments of organic manure at different rates combined with chemical fertilizer significantly increased( P 0.05) cotton yield”
e2“in drip-irrigation condition in northern Xinjiang”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton yield reached 4945—4978 kg / hm2, with no statistical difference between 100% chemical fertilizer and 20% to 40% chemical fertilizer substituted by organic fertilizer.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 20% to 40% chemical fertilizer substituted by 3000—6000 kg / hm2 organic fertilizere4
- Outcome
- cotton yielde3
- Direction
- no statistical differencee4
- Value
- 4945—4978 kg / hm2e3
- Comparator
- 100% CF fertilizatione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e3“cotton yield could be reached up to 4945—4978 kg / hm2”
e4“there was no statistical difference( P 0.05) among 100% CF fertilization and treatments with 20% to 40% chemical fertilizer substituted by 3000—6000 kg / hm2 organic fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
The numbers of soil bacteria, actinomycetes and pseudomonas significantly increased with increasing organic manure application rate.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- amendment rate of organic manuree5
- Outcome
- number of soil bacteria,actinomycetes as well as pseudomonase5
- Direction
- increasede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e5“The number of soil bacteria,actinomycetes as well as pseudomonas significantly increased with increasing amendment rate of organic manure”
Claim · model-written summary
The number of soil fungi decreased with increasing organic fertilizer rates.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizer ratese6
- Outcome
- number of soil fungie6
- Direction
- decreasede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e6“but the number of soil fungi decreased with organic fertilizer rates increasing”
Claim · model-written summary
The number of soil bacteria increased by 13% to 41% under organic manure combined with chemical fertilizer compared with 100% chemical fertilizer.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- organic manure at different rates combined with CFe7
- Outcome
- number of soil bacteriae7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Value
- 13% —41%e7
- Comparator
- 100% CFe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e7“the number of soil bacteria increased by 13% —41% in the treatments of organic manure at different rates combined with CF than in the treatment with 100% CF”
Claim · model-written summary
The number of soil fungi under 100% chemical fertilizer was 1.4 to 1.6 times higher than under organic manure combined with chemical fertilizer at the budding stage of cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- budding stagee1
- Treatment
- 100% CF fertilizere1
- Outcome
- number of soil fungie1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 1.4—1.6 timese1
- Comparator
- organic manure combined with CFe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e1“the number of soil fungi in the treatment with 100% CF fertilizer is 1.4—1.6 times higher than that in the treatment with organic manure combined with CF at budding stage of cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer application significantly enhanced soil enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Organic fertilizer applicatione1
- Outcome
- soil enzyme activitiese1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e1“Organic fertilizer application significantly enhanced( P 0.05) soil enzyme activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaline phosphatase activity increased by 3.8% with 80% chemical fertilizer combined with 3000 kg / hm2 organic manure, compared with 100% chemical fertilizer.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 80% CF combined with 3000 kg / hm2 organic manuree1
- Outcome
- alkaline phosphatasee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 3.8%e1
- Comparator
- 100% CF supplye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e1“Compared with the treatment with 100% CF supply,soil enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase,fluorescein acetate esterase,β-glucosidase and dehydrogenase increased by 3.8%,17%,18% and 55% in the treatments with 80% CF combined with 3000 kg / hm2 organic manure,and increased by 10.1%,19%,20%,and 60% in the treatments with 60%CF fertilizer combined with 6000 kg / hm2 organic manure”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluorescein acetate esterase activity increased by 17% with 80% chemical fertilizer combined with 3000 kg / hm2 organic manure, compared with 100% chemical fertilizer.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 80% CF combined with 3000 kg / hm2 organic manuree1
- Outcome
- fluorescein acetate esterasee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 17%e1
- Comparator
- 100% CF supplye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e1“Compared with the treatment with 100% CF supply,soil enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase,fluorescein acetate esterase,β-glucosidase and dehydrogenase increased by 3.8%,17%,18% and 55% in the treatments with 80% CF combined with 3000 kg / hm2 organic manure,and increased by 10.1%,19%,20%,and 60% in the treatments with 60%CF fertilizer combined with 6000 kg / hm2 organic manure”
Claim · model-written summary
β-glucosidase activity increased by 18% with 80% chemical fertilizer combined with 3000 kg / hm2 organic manure, compared with 100% chemical fertilizer.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 80% CF combined with 3000 kg / hm2 organic manuree1
- Outcome
- β-glucosidasee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 18%e1
- Comparator
- 100% CF supplye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e1“Compared with the treatment with 100% CF supply,soil enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase,fluorescein acetate esterase,β-glucosidase and dehydrogenase increased by 3.8%,17%,18% and 55% in the treatments with 80% CF combined with 3000 kg / hm2 organic manure,and increased by 10.1%,19%,20%,and 60% in the treatments with 60%CF fertilizer combined with 6000 kg / hm2 organic manure”
Claim · model-written summary
Dehydrogenase activity increased by 55% with 80% chemical fertilizer combined with 3000 kg / hm2 organic manure, compared with 100% chemical fertilizer.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 80% CF combined with 3000 kg / hm2 organic manuree1
- Outcome
- dehydrogenasee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 55%e1
- Comparator
- 100% CF supplye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e1“Compared with the treatment with 100% CF supply,soil enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase,fluorescein acetate esterase,β-glucosidase and dehydrogenase increased by 3.8%,17%,18% and 55% in the treatments with 80% CF combined with 3000 kg / hm2 organic manure,and increased by 10.1%,19%,20%,and 60% in the treatments with 60%CF fertilizer combined with 6000 kg / hm2 organic manure”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaline phosphatase activity increased by 10.1% with 60% chemical fertilizer combined with 6000 kg / hm2 organic manure, compared with 100% chemical fertilizer.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 60%CF fertilizer combined with 6000 kg / hm2 organic manuree1
- Outcome
- alkaline phosphatasee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 10.1%e1
- Comparator
- 100% CF supplye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e1“Compared with the treatment with 100% CF supply,soil enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase,fluorescein acetate esterase,β-glucosidase and dehydrogenase increased by 3.8%,17%,18% and 55% in the treatments with 80% CF combined with 3000 kg / hm2 organic manure,and increased by 10.1%,19%,20%,and 60% in the treatments with 60%CF fertilizer combined with 6000 kg / hm2 organic manure”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluorescein acetate esterase activity increased by 19% with 60% chemical fertilizer combined with 6000 kg / hm2 organic manure, compared with 100% chemical fertilizer.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 60%CF fertilizer combined with 6000 kg / hm2 organic manuree1
- Outcome
- fluorescein acetate esterasee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 19%e1
- Comparator
- 100% CF supplye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e1“Compared with the treatment with 100% CF supply,soil enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase,fluorescein acetate esterase,β-glucosidase and dehydrogenase increased by 3.8%,17%,18% and 55% in the treatments with 80% CF combined with 3000 kg / hm2 organic manure,and increased by 10.1%,19%,20%,and 60% in the treatments with 60%CF fertilizer combined with 6000 kg / hm2 organic manure”
Claim · model-written summary
β-glucosidase activity increased by 20% with 60% chemical fertilizer combined with 6000 kg / hm2 organic manure, compared with 100% chemical fertilizer.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 60%CF fertilizer combined with 6000 kg / hm2 organic manuree1
- Outcome
- β-glucosidasee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 20%e1
- Comparator
- 100% CF supplye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e1“Compared with the treatment with 100% CF supply,soil enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase,fluorescein acetate esterase,β-glucosidase and dehydrogenase increased by 3.8%,17%,18% and 55% in the treatments with 80% CF combined with 3000 kg / hm2 organic manure,and increased by 10.1%,19%,20%,and 60% in the treatments with 60%CF fertilizer combined with 6000 kg / hm2 organic manure”
Claim · model-written summary
Dehydrogenase activity increased by 60% with 60% chemical fertilizer combined with 6000 kg / hm2 organic manure, compared with 100% chemical fertilizer.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 60%CF fertilizer combined with 6000 kg / hm2 organic manuree1
- Outcome
- dehydrogenasee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 60%e1
- Comparator
- 100% CF supplye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e1“Compared with the treatment with 100% CF supply,soil enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase,fluorescein acetate esterase,β-glucosidase and dehydrogenase increased by 3.8%,17%,18% and 55% in the treatments with 80% CF combined with 3000 kg / hm2 organic manure,and increased by 10.1%,19%,20%,and 60% in the treatments with 60%CF fertilizer combined with 6000 kg / hm2 organic manure”
Claim · model-written summary
The ratios of soil bacteria to fungi, actinomycetes to fungi and pseudomonas to fungi increased with increasing organic manure application rate.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- application rate of organic manuree1
- Outcome
- ratios of soil bacteria / fungie1
- Direction
- increasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e1“The ratios of soil bacteria / fungi,soil actinomycetes / fungi and pseudomonas / fungi increased with increasing application rate of organic manure”
Claim · model-written summary
The pseudomonas to bacteria ratio was markedly reduced under 100% chemical fertilizer or organic fertilizer supply.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 100 CF or organic fertilizer supplye1
- Outcome
- pseudomonas / bacteria ratioe1
- Direction
- markedly reducede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e1“but pseudomonas / bacteria ratio markedly reduced in the treatment with 100 CF or organic fertilizer supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil bacteria, actinomycetes and pseudomonas numbers were significantly positively correlated with soil enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- soil bacteriae1other
- Outcome
- activity of soil enzymese1
- Direction
- significantly positively correlatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e1“between the number of soil bacteria,actinomycetes and pseudomonas was significantly positively correlated with the activity of soil enzymes including dehydrogenase,β-glucosidase,alkaline phosphatase and fluorescein acetate esterase”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil fungi numbers were negatively correlated with soil enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- soil fungie1other
- Outcome
- activity of soil enzymese1
- Direction
- negative correlatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e1“an obvious negative correlation was observed between soil fungi number and the activity of soil enzymes such as dehydrogenase,β-glucosidase,alkaline phosphatase and fluorescein acetate esterase”
Claim · model-written summary
About 20% to 40% of chemical fertilizer can be substituted by 3000—6000 kg / hm2 organic fertilizer with no cotton yield decrease.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 3000—6000 kg / hm2 organic fertilizere1
- Outcome
- cotton yielde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e1“Our conclusion is that 20% —40% of total chemical fertilizer application rate can be substituted by 3000—6000 kg / hm2 organic fertilizer with no cotton yield decrease”
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