Abstract
Plant beneficial microbes mediate biocontrol of diseases by interfering with pathogens or via strengthening the host. Although phytohormones, including cytokinins, are known to regulate plant development and physiology as well as plant immunity, their production by microorganisms has not been considered as a biocontrol mechanism. Here we identify the ability of Pseudomonas fluorescens G20-18 to efficiently control P. syringae infection in Arabidopsis, allowing maintenance of tissue integrity and ultimately biomass yield. Microbial cytokinin production was identified as a key determinant for this biocontrol effect on the hemibiotrophic bacterial pathogen. While cytokinin-deficient loss-of-function mutants of G20-18 exhibit impaired biocontrol, functional complementation with cytokinin biosynthetic genes restores cytokinin-mediated biocontrol, which is correlated with differential cytokinin levels in planta. Arabidopsis mutant analyses revealed the necessity of functional plant cytokinin perception and salicylic acid-dependent defence signalling for this biocontrol mechanism. These results demonstrate microbial cytokinin production as a novel microbe-based, hormone-mediated concept of biocontrol. This mechanism provides a basis to potentially develop novel, integrated plant protection strategies combining promotion of growth, a favourable physiological status and activation of fine-tuned direct defence and abiotic stress resilience.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas fluorescens G20-18 controlled P. syringae infection in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Treatment
- Pseudomonas fluorescens G20-18e0
- Interactor
- P. syringae
Pseudomonas syringaee0pathogen - Second interactor
- Pseudomonas fluorescens G20-18
.JPG?width=60)
Pseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- P. syringae infectione0
- Direction
- controle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Pseudomonas fluorescens G20-18 to efficiently control P. syringae infection in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The biocontrol maintained Arabidopsis tissue integrity.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas fluorescens G20-18e0
- Interactor
- P. syringaePseudomonas syringaee0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Pseudomonas fluorescens G20-18Pseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- tissue integritye0
- Direction
- maintenancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pseudomonas fluorescens G20-18 to efficiently control P. syringae infection in Arabidopsis, allowing maintenance of tissue integrity”
Claim · model-written summary
The biocontrol maintained Arabidopsis biomass yield.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas fluorescens G20-18e0
- Interactor
- P. syringaePseudomonas syringaee0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Pseudomonas fluorescens G20-18Pseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- biomass yielde0
- Direction
- maintenancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pseudomonas fluorescens G20-18 to efficiently control P. syringae infection in Arabidopsis, allowing maintenance of tissue integrity and ultimately biomass yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Microbial cytokinin production was identified as key to biocontrol of the bacterial pathogen.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringaePseudomonas syringaet0pathogen
- Compound
- cytokinine0
- Outcome
- biocontrol effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Microbial cytokinin production was identified as a key determinant for this biocontrol effect on the hemibiotrophic bacterial pathogen”
t0“Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytokinin-deficient G20-18 mutants showed impaired biocontrol.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- cytokinin-deficient loss-of-function mutants of G20-18e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringaePseudomonas syringaet0pathogen
- Outcome
- biocontrole0
- Direction
- impairede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cytokinin-deficient loss-of-function mutants of G20-18 exhibit impaired biocontrol”
t0“Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Functional complementation with cytokinin biosynthetic genes restored biocontrol.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- functional complementation with cytokinin biosynthetic genese0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringaePseudomonas syringaet0pathogen
- Gene
- cytokinin biosynthetic genese0
- Outcome
- biocontrole0
- Direction
- restorese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“functional complementation with cytokinin biosynthetic genes restores cytokinin-mediated biocontrol”
t0“Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Biocontrol correlated with differential cytokinin levels in planta.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringaePseudomonas syringaet0pathogen
- Compound
- cytokinin levelse0
- Outcome
- biocontrole0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cytokinin-mediated biocontrol, which is correlated with differential cytokinin levels in planta”
t0“Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Arabidopsis cytokinin perception was necessary for biocontrol.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Outcome
- biocontrol mechanisme0
- Qualifier
- functional plant cytokinin perceptione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis mutant analyses revealed the necessity of functional plant cytokinin perception and salicylic acid-dependent defence signalling for this biocontrol mechanism”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid-dependent defence signalling was necessary for biocontrol.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Compound
- salicylic acide0
- Outcome
- biocontrol mechanisme0
- Qualifier
- salicylic acid-dependent defence signallinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis mutant analyses revealed the necessity of functional plant cytokinin perception and salicylic acid-dependent defence signalling for this biocontrol mechanism”
The same questions in other papers
Pseudomonas fluorescens · Pseudomonas syringae · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
class · Pseudomonas syringae · ArabidopsisResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.