Abstract
Plants have the ability to acquire an enhanced level of resistance to pathogen attack after being exposed to specific biotic stimuli. In Arabidopsis, nonpathogenic, root-colonizing Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria trigger an induced systemic resistance (ISR) response against infection by the bacterial leaf pathogen P. syringae pv tomato. In contrast to classic, pathogen-induced systemic acquired resistance (SAR), this rhizobacteria-mediated ISR response is independent of salicylic acid accumulation and pathogenesis-related gene activation. Using the jasmonate response mutant jar1, the ethylene response mutant etr1, and the SAR regulatory mutant npr1, we demonstrate that signal transduction leading to P. fluorescens WCS417r-mediated ISR requires responsiveness to jasmonate and ethylene and is dependent on NPR1. Similar to P. fluorescens WCS417r, methyl jasmonate and the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate were effective in inducing resistance against P. s. tomato in salicylic acid-nonaccumulating NahG plants. Moreover, methyl jasmonate-induced protection was blocked in jar1, etr1, and npr1 plants, whereas 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate-induced protection was affected in etr1 and npr1 plants but not in jar1 plants. Hence, we postulate that rhizobacteria-mediated ISR follows a novel signaling pathway in which components from the jasmonate and ethylene response are engaged successively to trigger a defense reaction that, like SAR, is regulated by NPR1. We provide evidence that the processes downstream of NPR1 in the ISR pathway are divergent from those in the SAR pathway, indicating that NPR1 differentially regulates defense responses, depending on the signals that are elicited during induction of resistance.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobacteria-mediated induced systemic resistance by P. fluorescens is independent of salicylic acid accumulation and pathogenesis-related gene activation, unlike classic SAR.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Treatment
- nonpathogenic, root-colonizing Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteriae0
- Interactor
- P. syringae pv tomato
Pseudomonas syringaee0pathogen - Second interactor
- Pseudomonas fluorescens
.JPG?width=60)
Pseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- salicylic acid accumulation and pathogenesis-related gene activatione1
- Comparator
- classic, pathogen-induced systemic acquired resistance (SAR)e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis, nonpathogenic, root-colonizing Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria trigger an induced systemic resistance (ISR) response against infection by the bacterial leaf pathogen P. syringae pv tomato”
e1“In contrast to classic, pathogen-induced systemic acquired resistance (SAR), this rhizobacteria-mediated ISR response is independent of salicylic acid accumulation and pathogenesis-related gene activation”
Claim · model-written summary
Signal transduction leading to P. fluorescens WCS417r-mediated ISR requires responsiveness to jasmonate and ethylene.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- jar1e2
- Treatment
- P. fluorescens WCS417re2
- Outcome
- signal transduction leading to P. fluorescens WCS417r-mediated ISRe2
- Qualifier
- requires responsiveness to jasmonate and ethylenee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis, nonpathogenic, root-colonizing Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria trigger an induced systemic resistance (ISR) response against infection by the bacterial leaf pathogen P. syringae pv tomato”
e2“Using the jasmonate response mutant jar1, the ethylene response mutant etr1, and the SAR regulatory mutant npr1, we demonstrate that signal transduction leading to P. fluorescens WCS417r-mediated ISR requires responsiveness to jasmonate and ethylene and is dependent on NPR1”
Claim · model-written summary
Signal transduction leading to P. fluorescens WCS417r-mediated ISR is dependent on NPR1.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- NPR1e2
- Outcome
- signal transduction leading to P. fluorescens WCS417r-mediated ISRe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis, nonpathogenic, root-colonizing Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria trigger an induced systemic resistance (ISR) response against infection by the bacterial leaf pathogen P. syringae pv tomato”
e2“Using the jasmonate response mutant jar1, the ethylene response mutant etr1, and the SAR regulatory mutant npr1, we demonstrate that signal transduction leading to P. fluorescens WCS417r-mediated ISR requires responsiveness to jasmonate and ethylene and is dependent on NPR1”
Claim · model-written summary
Methyl jasmonate induced resistance against P. s. tomato in salicylic acid-nonaccumulating NahG plants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- salicylic acid-nonaccumulating NahG plantse3
- Treatment
- methyl jasmonatee3
- Interactor
- P. s. tomatoe3pathogen
- Outcome
- resistance against P. s. tomatoe3
- Direction
- increaseinferrede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis, nonpathogenic, root-colonizing Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria trigger an induced systemic resistance (ISR) response against infection by the bacterial leaf pathogen P. syringae pv tomato”
e3“Similar to P. fluorescens WCS417r, methyl jasmonate and the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate were effective in inducing resistance against P. s. tomato in salicylic acid-nonaccumulating NahG plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate induced resistance against P. s. tomato in salicylic acid-nonaccumulating NahG plants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- salicylic acid-nonaccumulating NahG plantse3
- Treatment
- 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylatee3
- Interactor
- P. s. tomatoe3pathogen
- Outcome
- resistance against P. s. tomatoe3
- Direction
- increaseinferrede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis, nonpathogenic, root-colonizing Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria trigger an induced systemic resistance (ISR) response against infection by the bacterial leaf pathogen P. syringae pv tomato”
e3“Similar to P. fluorescens WCS417r, methyl jasmonate and the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate were effective in inducing resistance against P. s. tomato in salicylic acid-nonaccumulating NahG plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Methyl jasmonate-induced protection was blocked in the jar1, etr1 and npr1 mutants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- jar1, etr1, and npr1e4
- Treatment
- methyl jasmonatee4
- Outcome
- methyl jasmonate-induced protectione4
- Direction
- blockede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis, nonpathogenic, root-colonizing Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria trigger an induced systemic resistance (ISR) response against infection by the bacterial leaf pathogen P. syringae pv tomato”
e4“methyl jasmonate-induced protection was blocked in jar1, etr1, and npr1 plants”
Claim · model-written summary
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate-induced protection was reduced in etr1 and npr1 plants but not in jar1 plants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- etr1 and npr1e5
- Treatment
- 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylatee5
- Outcome
- 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate-induced protectione5
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede5
- Qualifier
- but not in jar1 plantse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis, nonpathogenic, root-colonizing Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria trigger an induced systemic resistance (ISR) response against infection by the bacterial leaf pathogen P. syringae pv tomato”
e5“1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate-induced protection was affected in etr1 and npr1 plants but not in jar1 plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Downstream of NPR1, ISR signalling is divergent from the SAR pathway, and NPR1 regulates defense responses depending on the elicited signals.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- NPR1e6
- Outcome
- the processes downstream of NPR1 in the ISR pathwaye6
- Qualifier
- NPR1 differentially regulates defense responsese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis, nonpathogenic, root-colonizing Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria trigger an induced systemic resistance (ISR) response against infection by the bacterial leaf pathogen P. syringae pv tomato”
e6“We provide evidence that the processes downstream of NPR1 in the ISR pathway are divergent from those in the SAR pathway”
e7“NPR1 differentially regulates defense responses, depending on the signals that are elicited during induction of resistance”
The same questions in other papers
Pseudomonas fluorescens · Pseudomonas syringae · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
(-)-methyl jasmonate · disease · ArabidopsisResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylate · disease · ArabidopsisResults agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
inoculation · Pseudomonas syringae · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.