Abstract
In previous research, we produced a japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar (‘Koshihikari Kan No. 1’) with nearly undetectable levels of cadmium (Cd) in the grains. In this study, we hypothesized that growing this cultivar aerobically would simultaneously reduce arsenic (As) and Cd concentrations in the grains. We grew this cultivar and ‘Koshihikari’, its parent, in paddy fields with different soil properties under three water regimes: flooded conditions (FLD), alternate wetting and drying conditions (AWD) and water-saving conditions (WAS). FLD for several weeks before and after heading significantly increased the grain As concentration in both cultivars. AWD, with the soil re-flooded just after disappearance of the ponded water, reduced grain As concentrations by an average of 27% relative to FLD for both cultivars. WAS, with irrigation after drying of the soil surface, decreased grain As concentrations by an average of 43.1% for ‘Koshihikari Kan No. 1’ and 48.2% for ‘Koshihikari’ compared to FLD. Although AWD and WAS remarkably increased grain Cd concentrations in ‘Koshihikari’, ‘Koshihikari Kan No. 1’ had nearly undetectable levels of grain Cd in all treatments. Compared with ‘Koshihikari’ in FLD, grain yield of ‘Koshihikari Kan No. 1’ and ‘Koshihikari’ decreased by averages of 2% for AWD and 4 to 6% for WAS. In addition, WAS tended to decrease grain quality slightly for both cultivars. Although aerobic conditions such as WAS have somewhat adverse effects on grain yield and quality, growing the low-Cd cultivar aerobically is the most practical way to simultaneously reduce Cd and As contents in the rice grains.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Flooding around heading increased grain arsenic in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- FLDe0
- Outcome
- grain As concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- several weeks before and after headinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FLD for several weeks before and after heading significantly increased the grain As concentration in both cultivars.”
t0“Low-cadmium rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternate wetting and drying reduced grain arsenic by 27% on average relative to flooding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDe0
- Outcome
- grain As concentrationse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 27%e0
- Comparator
- FLDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AWD, with the soil re-flooded just after disappearance of the ponded water, reduced grain As concentrations by an average of 27% relative to FLD for both cultivars.”
t0“Low-cadmium rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-saving irrigation decreased grain arsenic by 43.1% in Koshihikari Kan No. 1 relative to flooding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Koshihikari Kan No. 1e0
- Treatment
- WASe0
- Outcome
- grain As concentrationse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 43.1%e0
- Comparator
- FLDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WAS, with irrigation after drying of the soil surface, decreased grain As concentrations by an average of 43.1% for ‘Koshihikari Kan No. 1’ and 48.2% for ‘Koshihikari’ compared to FLD.”
t0“Low-cadmium rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-saving irrigation decreased grain arsenic by 48.2% in Koshihikari relative to flooding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Koshihikarie0
- Treatment
- WASe0
- Outcome
- grain As concentrationse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 48.2%e0
- Comparator
- FLDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WAS, with irrigation after drying of the soil surface, decreased grain As concentrations by an average of 43.1% for ‘Koshihikari Kan No. 1’ and 48.2% for ‘Koshihikari’ compared to FLD.”
t0“Low-cadmium rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternate wetting and drying increased grain cadmium in Koshihikari.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Koshihikarie0
- Treatment
- AWDe0
- Outcome
- grain Cd concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although AWD and WAS remarkably increased grain Cd concentrations in ‘Koshihikari’”
t0“Low-cadmium rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-saving irrigation increased grain cadmium in Koshihikari.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Koshihikarie0
- Treatment
- WASe0
- Outcome
- grain Cd concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although AWD and WAS remarkably increased grain Cd concentrations in ‘Koshihikari’”
t0“Low-cadmium rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain cadmium in Koshihikari Kan No. 1 was nearly undetectable under all water treatments.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Koshihikari Kan No. 1e0
- Outcome
- grain Cde0
- Direction
- nearly undetectablee0
- Qualifier
- all treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Koshihikari Kan No. 1’ had nearly undetectable levels of grain Cd in all treatments.”
t0“Low-cadmium rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternate wetting and drying decreased grain yield by 2% on average relative to Koshihikari under flooding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 2%e0
- Comparator
- Koshihikari’ in FLDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with ‘Koshihikari’ in FLD, grain yield of ‘Koshihikari Kan No. 1’ and ‘Koshihikari’ decreased by averages of 2% for AWD and 4 to 6% for WAS.”
t0“Low-cadmium rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-saving irrigation decreased grain yield by 4 to 6% relative to Koshihikari under flooding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- WASe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 4 to 6%e0
- Comparator
- Koshihikari’ in FLDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with ‘Koshihikari’ in FLD, grain yield of ‘Koshihikari Kan No. 1’ and ‘Koshihikari’ decreased by averages of 2% for AWD and 4 to 6% for WAS.”
t0“Low-cadmium rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-saving irrigation tended to decrease grain quality slightly in both cultivars.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WAS tended to decrease grain quality slightly for both cultivars.”
t0“Low-cadmium rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend aerobic cultivation of the low-Cd cultivar to reduce both grain cadmium and arsenic.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- growing the low-Cd cultivar aerobicallye0
- Qualifier
- simultaneously reduce Cd and As contents in the rice grainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growing the low-Cd cultivar aerobically is the most practical way to simultaneously reduce Cd and As contents in the rice grains.”
t0“Low-cadmium rice”
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See all 1,171 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.