Abstract
Double antibody sandwich ELISA (DAS-ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays detected the infection of four viruses viz., Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Potato virus Y (PVY), Groundnut Bud Necrosis Virus (GBNV) and Chilli leaf curl virus (ChLCV) in Bhut Jolokia with 55.0% infection by CMV, 36.0% by PVY, 44.9% by GBNV and 42.5% by ChLCV in Assam. Plants were found to be infected by single virus or more than one virus together forming a disease complex. The various symptoms manifested by these viruses on Bhut Jolokia includes mosaic, puckering, dwarfing, leaf size reduction, upward and downward curling of leaves, flower bud necrosis, etc. An integrated management approach which included treatments in nursery and main field condition, was developed in order to combat the infection of the plants due to viral disease complex. Among the treatment combinations, T12 [seed treatment with imidacloprid@0.25 ml/l + nursery net+ foliar spray with imidacloprid @ 2ml/l at 15, 30, 45, 60 DAT] was the most effective in reduction of disease incidence and vector population count with maximum yield of 91.27 q/ha. Disease incidence of 14.8% (CMV+PVY), 7.4% (ChLCV), 11.1% (GBNV) with average of 11.1% and average vector population count of 3.19 nos.(aphid), 3.43 nos.(whitefly) and 16.33 nos.(thrips) were recorded in the treatment T12 which was much lesser as compared to control.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
CMV infected 55.0% of Bhut Jolokia chilli plants in Assam.
- Taxon
- Chillit0
- Material
- Bhut Jolokiat0
- Interactor
- CMV
cucumber mosaic cucumoviruse0pathogen - Outcome
- infectione0
- Value
- 55.0%e0
- Setting
- Assame1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Bhut Jolokia, a Chilli cultivar in Assam”
e0“with 55.0% infection by CMV, 36.0% by PVY, 44.9% by GBNV and 42.5% by ChLCV”
e1“in Assam”
Claim · model-written summary
PVY infected 36.0% of Bhut Jolokia chilli plants in Assam.
- Taxon
- Chillit0
- Material
- Bhut Jolokiat0
- Interactor
- PVY
Potato virus Ye0pathogen - Outcome
- infectione0
- Value
- 36.0%e0
- Setting
- Assame1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Bhut Jolokia, a Chilli cultivar in Assam”
e0“with 55.0% infection by CMV, 36.0% by PVY, 44.9% by GBNV and 42.5% by ChLCV”
e1“in Assam”
Claim · model-written summary
GBNV infected 44.9% of Bhut Jolokia chilli plants in Assam.
Verbatim
t0“in Bhut Jolokia, a Chilli cultivar in Assam”
e0“with 55.0% infection by CMV, 36.0% by PVY, 44.9% by GBNV and 42.5% by ChLCV”
e1“in Assam”
Claim · model-written summary
ChLCV infected 42.5% of Bhut Jolokia chilli plants in Assam.
Verbatim
t0“in Bhut Jolokia, a Chilli cultivar in Assam”
e0“with 55.0% infection by CMV, 36.0% by PVY, 44.9% by GBNV and 42.5% by ChLCV”
e1“in Assam”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilli plants were infected by a single virus or by several viruses together, forming a disease complex.
Verbatim
t0“in Bhut Jolokia, a Chilli cultivar in Assam”
e2“Plants were found to be infected by single virus or more than one virus together forming a disease complex”
Claim · model-written summary
Viral infection on Bhut Jolokia chilli produced mosaic, puckering and dwarfing symptoms.
Verbatim
t0“in Bhut Jolokia, a Chilli cultivar in Assam”
e3“The various symptoms manifested by these viruses on Bhut Jolokia includes mosaic, puckering, dwarfing”
Claim · model-written summary
Viral infection on Bhut Jolokia chilli produced leaf size reduction, upward and downward leaf curling and flower bud necrosis.
Verbatim
t0“in Bhut Jolokia, a Chilli cultivar in Assam”
e4“leaf size reduction, upward and downward curling of leaves, flower bud necrosis”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated management treatment T12 was the most effective in reducing disease incidence and vector population count in chilli.
Verbatim
t0“in Bhut Jolokia, a Chilli cultivar in Assam”
e5“T12 [seed treatment with imidacloprid@0.25 ml/l + nursery net+ foliar spray with imidacloprid @ 2ml/l at 15, 30, 45, 60 DAT] was the most effective in reduction of disease incidence and vector population count”
e6“which was much lesser as compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment T12 gave a maximum yield of 91.27 q/ha in chilli.
- Taxon
- Chillit0
- Treatment
- seed treatment with imidacloprid@0.25 ml/l + nursery net+ foliar spray with imidacloprid @ 2ml/l at 15, 30, 45, 60 DATe5
- Outcome
- yielde7
- Direction
- maximume7
- Value
- 91.27 q/hae7
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“in Bhut Jolokia, a Chilli cultivar in Assam”
e5“T12 [seed treatment with imidacloprid@0.25 ml/l + nursery net+ foliar spray with imidacloprid @ 2ml/l at 15, 30, 45, 60 DAT] was the most effective in reduction of disease incidence and vector population count”
e7“with maximum yield of 91.27 q/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease incidence of CMV+PVY in T12 was 14.8%, much lower than control.
- Taxon
- Chillit0
- Treatment
- T12e6
- Interactor
- CMVcucumber mosaic cucumoviruse5pathogen
- Second interactor
- PVYPotato virus Ye5pathogen
- Outcome
- Disease incidencee5
- Direction
- much lessere6
- Value
- 14.8%e5
- Comparator
- controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Bhut Jolokia, a Chilli cultivar in Assam”
e6“recorded in the treatment T12 which was much lesser as compared to control”
e5“Disease incidence of 14.8% (CMV+PVY)”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease incidence of ChLCV in T12 was 7.4%, much lower than control.
Verbatim
t0“in Bhut Jolokia, a Chilli cultivar in Assam”
e6“recorded in the treatment T12 which was much lesser as compared to control”
e5“Disease incidence of 14.8% (CMV+PVY), 7.4% (ChLCV), 11.1% (GBNV)”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease incidence of GBNV in T12 was 11.1%, much lower than control.
Verbatim
t0“in Bhut Jolokia, a Chilli cultivar in Assam”
e6“recorded in the treatment T12 which was much lesser as compared to control”
e5“Disease incidence of 14.8% (CMV+PVY), 7.4% (ChLCV), 11.1% (GBNV)”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphid population count in T12 was 3.19 nos., much lower than control.
Verbatim
t0“in Bhut Jolokia, a Chilli cultivar in Assam”
e6“recorded in the treatment T12 which was much lesser as compared to control”
e4“average vector population count of 3.19 nos.(aphid), 3.43 nos.(whitefly) and 16.33 nos.(thrips)”
Claim · model-written summary
Whitefly population count in T12 was 3.43 nos., much lower than control.
Verbatim
t0“in Bhut Jolokia, a Chilli cultivar in Assam”
e6“recorded in the treatment T12 which was much lesser as compared to control”
e4“average vector population count of 3.19 nos.(aphid), 3.43 nos.(whitefly) and 16.33 nos.(thrips)”
Claim · model-written summary
Thrips population count in T12 was 16.33 nos., much lower than control.
- Taxon
- Chillit0
- Treatment
- T12e6
- Outcome
- average vector population counte4
- Direction
- much lessere6
- Value
- 16.33 nos.e4
- Comparator
- controle6
ThripsOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Bhut Jolokia, a Chilli cultivar in Assam”
e6“recorded in the treatment T12 which was much lesser as compared to control”
e4“average vector population count of 3.19 nos.(aphid), 3.43 nos.(whitefly) and 16.33 nos.(thrips)”
Claim · model-written summary
Average disease incidence in T12 was 11.1%, much lower than control.
Verbatim
t0“in Bhut Jolokia, a Chilli cultivar in Assam”
e6“recorded in the treatment T12 which was much lesser as compared to control”
e5“Disease incidence of 14.8% (CMV+PVY), 7.4% (ChLCV), 11.1% (GBNV)”
e7“with average of 11.1%”
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See all 10 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.