Abstract
Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted with maleic hydrazide and gibberellic acid on the British Sovereign variety of strawberry at the University of British Columbia. Treatment with maleic hydrazide resulted in an increase in number of leaves and crowns per plant and an increase in mother plant vigour over control plants which were allowed to runner freely. In these respects the maleic hydrazide-treated plants responded similarly to those which had had their runners removed by hand. Length of runners and number of runner plants were effectively reduced. Top-root ratio on a fresh weight basis was decreased as a result of suppression of total top growth but there was no effect on root growth. Chemical analysis of plant tops 16 days after treatment with maleic hydrazide indicated increases in the percentages of dry weight, ash, sugar, starch (fresh weight) and in the carbohydrate-nitrogen ratio; and a decrease in the percentage of total nitrogen (dry weight). No change in total dry weight of tops was recorded. Field applications of 10 ounces of maleic hydrazide (active ingredient) per acre did not give adequate results with four applications at three-week intervals. Three applications at 25 ounces per acre at three-week intervals gave excellent runner control and mother plant vigour was equal to that of plants receiving hand runner removal. Two applications at 40 ounces per acre gave very good runner control hut mother plants were not as vigorous as those receiving three applications at the 25-ounce per acre rate. No effect of gibberellic acid application was noted on numbers of leaves, crowns, runners or flowers. Increase in fresh weight of tops, no change in roots and increase in top-root ratio were recorded 16 days after treatment, while total dry weight of tops was not affected. Two months after treatment, no effects were observed on fresh weight of tops, roots or top-root ratio. Flower truss emergence and flowering were hastened but did not result in earlier maturation of fruit. The percentage of fruit-set was reduced resulting in a reduction of weight of crop. Size of berry was also reduced. Other effects of gibberellic acid were an increase in sugar content of fruit when it was applied shortly before berry maturity and increases in length of peduncle and petiole if applied when these structures were making active growth. Chemical analysis of plant tops 16 days after treatment indicated decreases in the percentage of dry matter, sugar, starch (fresh weight) and in carbohydrate-nitrogen ratio. There was no change in the percentage of ash and nitrogen (dry weight) in plant tops.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Maleic hydrazide increased leaves and crowns per plant.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- maleic hydrazidee0
- Outcome
- number of leaves and crowns per plante0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with maleic hydrazide resulted in an increase in number of leaves and crowns per plant and an increase in mother plant vigour over control plants which were allowed to runner freely.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Maleic hydrazide increased mother plant vigour.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- maleic hydrazidee0
- Outcome
- mother plant vigoure0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with maleic hydrazide resulted in an increase in number of leaves and crowns per plant and an increase in mother plant vigour over control plants which were allowed to runner freely.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Maleic hydrazide reduced runner length and runner plant number.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- Length of runners and number of runner plantse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Length of runners and number of runner plants were effectively reduced.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Maleic hydrazide decreased the fresh-weight top-root ratio through suppressed top growth.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- Top-root ratioe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- suppression of total top growthe0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Top-root ratio on a fresh weight basis was decreased as a result of suppression of total top growth but there was no effect on root growth.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Maleic hydrazide did not affect root growth.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no effect on root growth.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
At 16 days, maleic hydrazide increased dry weight, ash and sugar percentages in tops.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Organ / stage
- plant topse0
- Treatment
- maleic hydrazidee0
- Outcome
- percentages of dry weight, ash, sugare0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Qualifier
- 16 days after treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chemical analysis of plant tops 16 days after treatment with maleic hydrazide indicated increases in the percentages of dry weight, ash, sugar, starch (fresh weight) and in the carbohydrate-nitrogen ratio; and a decrease in the percentage of total nitrogen (dry weight).”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
At 16 days, maleic hydrazide increased starch percentage and the carbohydrate-nitrogen ratio in tops.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Organ / stage
- plant topse0
- Treatment
- maleic hydrazidee0
- Outcome
- starch (fresh weight) and in the carbohydrate-nitrogen ratioe0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Qualifier
- 16 days after treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chemical analysis of plant tops 16 days after treatment with maleic hydrazide indicated increases in the percentages of dry weight, ash, sugar, starch (fresh weight) and in the carbohydrate-nitrogen ratio; and a decrease in the percentage of total nitrogen (dry weight).”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
At 16 days, maleic hydrazide decreased total nitrogen percentage in tops.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- percentage of total nitrogen (dry weight)e0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a decrease in the percentage of total nitrogen (dry weight).”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Maleic hydrazide did not change total top dry weight.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- total dry weight of topse0
- Direction
- No changee0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No change in total dry weight of tops was recorded.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Four 10-ounce applications gave inadequate results.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- 10 ounces of maleic hydrazide (active ingredient) per acree0
- Outcome
- adequate resultse0
- Direction
- did not givee0
- Qualifier
- four applications at three-week intervalse0
- Setting
- Fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field applications of 10 ounces of maleic hydrazide (active ingredient) per acre did not give adequate results with four applications at three-week intervals.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Three 25-ounce applications gave excellent runner control and vigour equal to hand removal.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Three applications at 25 ounces per acre at three-week intervalse0
- Outcome
- runner control and mother plant vigoure0
- Direction
- equale0
- Qualifier
- excellente0
- Comparator
- plants receiving hand runner removale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three applications at 25 ounces per acre at three-week intervals gave excellent runner control and mother plant vigour was equal to that of plants receiving hand runner removal.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Two 40-ounce applications controlled runners very well, with less vigour than three 25-ounce applications.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Two applications at 40 ounces per acree0
- Outcome
- mother plantse0
- Direction
- not as vigorouse0
- Qualifier
- very good runner controle0
- Comparator
- three applications at the 25-ounce per acre ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two applications at 40 ounces per acre gave very good runner control hut mother plants were not as vigorous as those receiving three applications at the 25-ounce per acre rate.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid did not affect numbers of leaves, crowns or runners.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- gibberellic acid applicatione0
- Outcome
- numbers of leaves, crowns, runnerse0
- Direction
- No effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No effect of gibberellic acid application was noted on numbers of leaves, crowns, runners or flowers.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid did not affect flower number.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- gibberellic acid applicatione0
- Outcome
- flowerse0
- Direction
- No effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No effect of gibberellic acid application was noted on numbers of leaves, crowns, runners or flowers.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
At 16 days, gibberellic acid increased fresh top weight and top-root ratio while root weight was unchanged.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- fresh weight of topse0
- Direction
- Increasee0
- Qualifier
- 16 days after treatmente0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increase in fresh weight of tops, no change in roots and increase in top-root ratio were recorded 16 days after treatment, while total dry weight of tops was not affected.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid hastened flower truss emergence and flowering but did not hasten fruit maturation.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- Flower truss emergence and floweringe0
- Direction
- hastenede0
- Qualifier
- did not result in earlier maturation of fruite0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flower truss emergence and flowering were hastened but did not result in earlier maturation of fruit.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid reduced fruit set, crop weight and berry size.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- percentage of fruit-sete0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- reduction of weight of crope0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percentage of fruit-set was reduced resulting in a reduction of weight of crop. Size of berry was also reduced.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid increased fruit sugar near maturity and peduncle and petiole length during active growth.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- gibberellic acide0
- Outcome
- sugar content of fruite0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- shortly before berry maturitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Other effects of gibberellic acid were an increase in sugar content of fruit when it was applied shortly before berry maturity and increases in length of peduncle and petiole if applied when these structures were making active growth.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
At 16 days, gibberellic acid lowered dry matter, sugar and starch percentages and the carbohydrate-nitrogen ratio in tops.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- percentage of dry matter, sugar, starch (fresh weight)e0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Qualifier
- 16 days after treatmente0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chemical analysis of plant tops 16 days after treatment indicated decreases in the percentage of dry matter, sugar, starch (fresh weight) and in carbohydrate-nitrogen ratio.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid did not change ash or nitrogen percentage in tops.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- percentage of ash and nitrogen (dry weight)e0
- Direction
- no changee0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no change in the percentage of ash and nitrogen (dry weight) in plant tops.”
t0“strawberry”
The same questions in other papers
Gibberellic acid · molecular: metabolites · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Positive and negative results
7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Gibberellic acid · phenology · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Positive and negative results
10 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Maleic hydrazide · growth · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.