Abstract
Seven dinitroaniline herbicides were tested in the field for 3 yr at rates up to twice that normally used for annual grass control. Trifluralin ( α,α,α -trifluoro-2,6-dinitro- N,N -dipropyl- p -toluidine) and profluralin [ N -(cyclopropylmethyl)- α,α,α -trifluoro-2,6-dinitro- N -propyl- p -toluidine] gave 95 and 94% control of johnsongrass [ Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.] from rhizomes, respectively, after the third year at the double rate. These two herbicides controlled johnsongrass from rhizomes better than nitralin [4-methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro- N,N -dipropylaniline], butralin [4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)- N -(1-methylpropyl)-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] and pendimethalin [ N -(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] at comparable rates. After 3 yr, seed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘Stoneville 213’) yields were higher with double rates of trifluralin, profluralin, fluchloralin [ N -(2-chloroethyl)-2,6-dinitro- N -propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline], and pendimethalin, than with nitralin, dinitramine (N 4 , N 4 -diethyl- α,α,α -trifluoro-3,5-dinitrotoluene-2,4-diamine), and butralin. In greenhouse studies, reduction of cotton raproot length by the dinitroaniline herbicides incorporated at the normal rate of use followed the order: butralin ≤ pendimethalin ≤ fluchloralin ≤ trifluralin < profluralin < dinitramine. All herbicides except pendimethalin at 0.28 and 0.56 kg/ha reduced lateral root production of cotton. The dinitroaniline herbicides at normal rates of use reduced fresh weight of cotton seedlings from 12 to 34%. The mean vapor toxicity of the dinitroaniline herbicides to Japanese millet [ Echinochloa crus-galli (Roxb.) Wight ‘frumentacea’] shoots averaged from no injury with oryzalin (3,5-dinitro- N 4 , N 4 -dipropylsulfanilamide) and nitralin to 66% injury with dinitramine and trifluralin.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Trifluralin at the double rate gave 95% control of johnsongrass from rhizomes after the third year.
- Taxon
- johnsongrass
.jpg?width=60)
Sorghum halepensee2 - Treatment
- Trifluraline1
- Outcome
- control of johnsongrasse2
- Value
- 95e2
- Qualifier
- after the third year at the double ratee3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Trifluralin”
e2“gave 95 and 94% control of johnsongrass”
e3“after the third year at the double rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Profluralin at the double rate gave 94% control of johnsongrass from rhizomes after the third year.
- Taxon
- johnsongrassSorghum halepensee2
- Treatment
- profluraline1
- Outcome
- control of johnsongrasse2
- Value
- 94%e2
- Qualifier
- after the third year at the double ratee3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“profluralin [”
e2“gave 95 and 94% control of johnsongrass”
e3“after the third year at the double rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Trifluralin and profluralin controlled johnsongrass from rhizomes better than nitralin, butralin and pendimethalin at comparable rates.
- Taxon
- johnsongrassSorghum halepensee2
- Treatment
- These two herbicidese1
- Outcome
- controlled johnsongrass from rhizomese2
- Direction
- bettere2
- Comparator
- nitraline2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“These two herbicides”
e2“controlled johnsongrass from rhizomes better than nitralin”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed cotton yields after 3 years were higher with double rates of trifluralin, profluralin and fluchloralin than with nitralin.
- Taxon
- Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutume1 - Material
- Stoneville 213e1
- Treatment
- double rates of trifluralin, profluralin, fluchloraline1
- Outcome
- seed cottone1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- nitraline2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“seed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘Stoneville 213’) yields were higher with double rates of trifluralin, profluralin, fluchloralin”
e2“than with nitralin”
Claim · model-written summary
In the greenhouse, reduction of cotton root length by the herbicides at normal use rate followed the order butralin <= pendimethalin <= fluchloralin <= trifluralin < profluralin < dinitramine.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- dinitroaniline herbicides incorporated at the normal rate of usee1
- Outcome
- reduction of cotton raproot lengthe1
- Direction
- butralin ≤ pendimethalin ≤ fluchloralin ≤ trifluralin < profluralin < dinitraminee1
- Setting
- greenhousee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In greenhouse studies, reduction of cotton raproot length by the dinitroaniline herbicides incorporated at the normal rate of use followed the order: butralin ≤ pendimethalin ≤ fluchloralin ≤ trifluralin < profluralin < dinitramine”
Claim · model-written summary
All herbicides except pendimethalin at 0.28 and 0.56 kg/ha reduced lateral root production of cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- All herbicides except pendimethalin at 0.28 and 0.56 kg/hae1
- Outcome
- lateral root productione1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“All herbicides except pendimethalin at 0.28 and 0.56 kg/ha reduced lateral root production of cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
The dinitroaniline herbicides at normal rates of use reduced fresh weight of cotton seedlings by 12 to 34%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- dinitroaniline herbicides at normal rates of usee1
- Outcome
- fresh weight of cotton seedlingse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 12 to 34%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The dinitroaniline herbicides at normal rates of use reduced fresh weight of cotton seedlings from 12 to 34%”
Claim · model-written summary
Vapor of dinitramine and trifluralin caused 66% injury to Japanese millet shoots.
- Taxon
- Japanese millet
Echinochloa frumentaceae1 - Treatment
- dinitramine and trifluraline2
- Outcome
- injurye2
- Value
- 66%e2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“mean vapor toxicity of the dinitroaniline herbicides to Japanese millet”
e2“66% injury with dinitramine and trifluralin”
Claim · model-written summary
Vapor of oryzalin and nitralin caused no injury to Japanese millet shoots.
- Taxon
- Japanese milletEchinochloa frumentaceae1
- Treatment
- oryzaline2
- Outcome
- injurye2
- Direction
- no injurye2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“mean vapor toxicity of the dinitroaniline herbicides to Japanese millet”
e2“no injury with oryzalin”
The same questions in other papers
pendimethalin · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results differ
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 43 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
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22 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- positive
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See all 35 papers →herbicide · control · Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
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See all 8 papers →herbicide · organism · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 21 in the opposite direction
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- positive
- positive
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See all 35 papers →herbicide · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
58 papers in the same direction as this paper · 123 in the opposite direction
- positive
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- positive
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See all 182 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.