Abstract
A long-term integrated pest management study initiated in 1980 and continued through 1991 was conducted to determine interactions of tillage, crop rotation, and herbicide use levels on weed seed populations, weed populations, and crop yield. This paper presents giant foxtail seed population and stand along with corn yield in continuous corn, corn rotated with soybean, or corn following wheat in a soybean-wheat-corn rotation. Increasing herbicide use levels above the minimum reduced giant foxtail seed in the 0- to 2.5-cm depth of soil. Reducing tillage from conventional moldboard plowing to chiseling to no-tilling increased giant foxtail seed in only the top 0 to 2.5 cm of soil. No-tilling increased giant foxtail seed over conventional tillage in each year data were collected. Growing corn in a soybean-corn or soybean-wheat-corn rotation reduced giant foxtail seed from corn grown continuously in all three soil depths sampled: 0 to 2.5 cm, 2.5 to 10 cm, and 10 to 20 cm. Although stands of giant foxtail tended to follow soil weed seed counts, crop rotation significantly reduced giant foxtail stand with maximum reduction in the soybean-wheat-corn rotation in all tillage systems. Giant foxtail stands were reduced following wheat in no-tilling, probably because of the allelopathic influence of wheat straw. Corn yields showed weed management levels above minimum control are not justified regardless of tillage and crop rotation.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide use above the minimum reduced giant foxtail seed in surface soil.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- Increasing herbicide use levelse0
- Interactor
- giant foxtaile0weed
- Outcome
- giant foxtail seede0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 0- to 2.5-cm depth of soile0
- Comparator
- the minimume0
Not reportedOrgan / stage
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing herbicide use levels above the minimum reduced giant foxtail seed in the 0- to 2.5-cm depth of soil.”
t0“Corn Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced tillage increased surface-soil giant foxtail seed.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- chiseling to no-tillinge0
- Interactor
- giant foxtaile0weed
- Outcome
- giant foxtail seede0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- top 0 to 2.5 cm of soile0
- Comparator
- conventional moldboard plowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reducing tillage from conventional moldboard plowing to chiseling to no-tilling increased giant foxtail seed in only the top 0 to 2.5 cm of soil.”
t0“Corn Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
No tillage increased giant foxtail seed over conventional tillage each year.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- No-tillinge0
- Interactor
- giant foxtaile0weed
- Outcome
- giant foxtail seede0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No-tilling increased giant foxtail seed over conventional tillage in each year data were collected.”
t0“Corn Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean-corn rotation reduced giant foxtail seed versus continuous corn at three sampled soil depths.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- soybean-corne0
- Interactor
- giant foxtaile0weed
- Outcome
- giant foxtail seede0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- corn grown continuouslye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growing corn in a soybean-corn or soybean-wheat-corn rotation reduced giant foxtail seed from corn grown continuously in all three soil depths sampled: 0 to 2.5 cm, 2.5 to 10 cm, and 10 to 20 cm.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean-wheat-corn rotation reduced giant foxtail seed versus continuous corn at three sampled soil depths.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- soybean-wheat-corn rotatione0
- Interactor
- giant foxtaile0weed
- Outcome
- giant foxtail seede0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- corn grown continuouslye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growing corn in a soybean-corn or soybean-wheat-corn rotation reduced giant foxtail seed from corn grown continuously in all three soil depths sampled: 0 to 2.5 cm, 2.5 to 10 cm, and 10 to 20 cm.”
Claim · model-written summary
Giant foxtail stands tended to track soil weed seed counts.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- giant foxtaile0weed
- Outcome
- stands of giant foxtaile0
- Qualifier
- soil weed seed countse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stands of giant foxtail tended to follow soil weed seed counts”
t0“Corn Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop rotation significantly reduced giant foxtail stands, most in soybean-wheat-corn rotation across tillage systems.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- crop rotatione0
- Interactor
- giant foxtaile0weed
- Outcome
- giant foxtail stande0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- soybean-wheat-corn rotation in all tillage systemse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“crop rotation significantly reduced giant foxtail stand with maximum reduction in the soybean-wheat-corn rotation in all tillage systems”
t0“Corn Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Following wheat under no tillage reduced giant foxtail stands, possibly through straw allelopathy.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- following wheat in no-tillinge0
- Interactor
- Giant foxtaile0weed
- Outcome
- Giant foxtail stands were reducede0
- Qualifier
- probably because of the allelopathic influence of wheat strawe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Giant foxtail stands were reduced following wheat in no-tilling, probably because of the allelopathic influence of wheat straw.”
t0“Corn Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn yield did not justify weed management above minimum control across tillage and rotations.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- weed management levels above minimum control are not justifiede0
- Qualifier
- regardless of tillage and crop rotatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn yields showed weed management levels above minimum control are not justified regardless of tillage and crop rotation.”
The same questions in other papers
rotation · organism · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
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See all 14 papers →tillage · organism · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 27 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- positive
41 papers more in this group
See all 45 papers →herbicide · organism · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
29 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
43 papers more in this group
See all 47 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.