Abstract
The USDA has a goal of implementing integrated pest management (IPM) practices on 75% of crop area by 2000. Growers require more economic information before adopting IPM practices. A field study was initiated in New York to evaluate weed control, yields, and net returns of chemical (broadcast herbicides), chemical–mechanical (banded herbicides and cultivations), and mechanical (rotary hoe and cultivations) weed management under moldboard plow and chisel tillage in corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Chemical and chemical–mechanical weed management had similar corn net returns under moldboard plow ($370 and $355 ha −1 , respectively) and chisel tillage ($282 and $287 ha −1 ). Mechanical weed management had less net returns in moldboard plow ($302 ha −1 ) and chisel tillage ($121 ha −1 ) because of 15% lesser corn densities and greater weed densities, especially in chisel tillage. In soybean, mechanical weed management in moldboard plow tillage had similar weed density (1.5 weeds m −2 ) lower yield (2.71 Mg ha −1 ), but similar net return ($107.50 ha −1 ) compared with chemical (1.3 weeds m −2 , 2.92 Mg ha −1 , and $85.60 ha −1 , respectively) and chemical–mechanical weed management (1.0 weeds m −2 , 2.78 Mg ha −1 and $99.35 ha −1 , respectively). In chisel tillage, mechanical weed management had greater weed density (7.4 weeds m −2 ), lower yield (2.2 Mg ha −1 ), and lower net return (−$7.80 ha −1 ) compared with chemical (1.9 weeds m −2 , 2.8 Mg ha −1 , and $56.80 ha −1 , respectively) and chemical–mechanical weed management (1.9 weeds m −2 , 2.4 Mg ha −1 , and $27.30 ha −1 ). Corn and soybean growers apparently can adopt chemical–mechanical weed management and maintain net returns. Soybean growers who use moldboard plow tillage can also adopt mechanical weed management and maintain net returns.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical and chemical-mechanical weed management had similar corn net returns under moldboard plow.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Treatment
- Chemical and chemical–mechanical weed managemente1
- Outcome
- net returnse1
- Direction
- similare1
- Value
- $370 and $355 ha −1e1
- Setting
- moldboard plowe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Chemical and chemical–mechanical weed management had similar corn net returns under moldboard plow ($370 and $355 ha −1 , respectively) and chisel tillage ($282 and $287 ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical and chemical-mechanical weed management had similar corn net returns under chisel tillage.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- Chemical and chemical–mechanical weed managemente1
- Outcome
- net returnse1
- Direction
- similare1
- Value
- $282 and $287 ha −1e1
- Setting
- chisel tillagee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Chemical and chemical–mechanical weed management had similar corn net returns under moldboard plow ($370 and $355 ha −1 , respectively) and chisel tillage ($282 and $287 ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Mechanical weed management gave less corn net return under moldboard plow.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse3
- Treatment
- Mechanical weed managemente3
- Outcome
- net returnse3
- Direction
- lesse3
- Value
- $302 ha −1e3
- Setting
- moldboard plowe3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Mechanical weed management had less net returns in moldboard plow ($302 ha −1) and chisel tillage ($121 ha −1) because of 15% lesser corn densities and greater weed densities”
Claim · model-written summary
Mechanical weed management gave less corn net return under chisel tillage.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse3
- Treatment
- Mechanical weed managemente3
- Outcome
- net returnse3
- Direction
- lesse3
- Value
- $121 ha −1e3
- Setting
- chisel tillagee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Mechanical weed management had less net returns in moldboard plow ($302 ha −1) and chisel tillage ($121 ha −1) because of 15% lesser corn densities and greater weed densities”
Claim · model-written summary
Mechanical weed management reduced corn density by 15% under both tillage systems.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse3
- Treatment
- Mechanical weed managemente3
- Outcome
- corn densitiese3
- Direction
- lessere3
- Value
- 15%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Mechanical weed management had less net returns in moldboard plow ($302 ha −1) and chisel tillage ($121 ha −1) because of 15% lesser corn densities and greater weed densities”
Claim · model-written summary
Mechanical weed management produced greater weed densities in corn.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse3
- Treatment
- Mechanical weed managemente3
- Interactor
- weede3weed
- Outcome
- weed densitiese3
- Direction
- greatere3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Mechanical weed management had less net returns in moldboard plow ($302 ha −1) and chisel tillage ($121 ha −1) because of 15% lesser corn densities and greater weed densities”
Claim · model-written summary
In soybean under moldboard plow, mechanical weed management had similar weed density.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe4 - Treatment
- mechanical weed managemente4
- Interactor
- weede4weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye4
- Direction
- similare4
- Value
- 1.5 weeds m −2e4
- Setting
- moldboard plow tillagee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“In soybean, mechanical weed management in moldboard plow tillage had similar weed density (1.5 weeds m −2 ) lower yield (2.71 Mg ha −1 ), but similar net return ($107.50 ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
In soybean under moldboard plow, mechanical weed management gave lower yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe4
- Treatment
- mechanical weed managemente4
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Value
- 2.71 Mg ha −1e4
- Setting
- moldboard plow tillagee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“In soybean, mechanical weed management in moldboard plow tillage had similar weed density (1.5 weeds m −2 ) lower yield (2.71 Mg ha −1 ), but similar net return ($107.50 ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
In soybean under moldboard plow, mechanical weed management had similar net returns.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe4
- Treatment
- mechanical weed managemente4
- Outcome
- net returne4
- Direction
- similare4
- Value
- $107.50 ha −1e4
- Setting
- moldboard plow tillagee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“In soybean, mechanical weed management in moldboard plow tillage had similar weed density (1.5 weeds m −2 ) lower yield (2.71 Mg ha −1 ), but similar net return ($107.50 ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
In soybean under chisel tillage, mechanical weed management had greater weed density.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe4
- Treatment
- mechanical weed managemente5
- Interactor
- weede5weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye5
- Direction
- greatere5
- Value
- 7.4 weeds m −2e5
- Setting
- chisel tillagee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“In soybean, mechanical weed management in moldboard plow tillage had similar weed density (1.5 weeds m −2 ) lower yield (2.71 Mg ha −1 ), but similar net return ($107.50 ha −1 )”
e5“In chisel tillage, mechanical weed management had greater weed density (7.4 weeds m −2 ), lower yield (2.2 Mg ha −1 ), and lower net return (−$7.80 ha −1 ) compared with chemical (1.9 weeds m −2 , 2.8 Mg ha −1 , and $56.80 ha −1 , respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
In soybean under chisel tillage, mechanical weed management gave lower yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe4
- Treatment
- mechanical weed managemente5
- Outcome
- yielde5
- Direction
- lowere5
- Value
- 2.2 Mg ha −1e5
- Setting
- chisel tillagee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“In soybean, mechanical weed management in moldboard plow tillage had similar weed density (1.5 weeds m −2 ) lower yield (2.71 Mg ha −1 ), but similar net return ($107.50 ha −1 )”
e5“In chisel tillage, mechanical weed management had greater weed density (7.4 weeds m −2 ), lower yield (2.2 Mg ha −1 ), and lower net return (−$7.80 ha −1 ) compared with chemical (1.9 weeds m −2 , 2.8 Mg ha −1 , and $56.80 ha −1 , respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
In soybean under chisel tillage, mechanical weed management gave lower net returns.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe4
- Treatment
- mechanical weed managemente5
- Outcome
- net returne5
- Direction
- lowere5
- Value
- −$7.80 ha −1e5
- Setting
- chisel tillagee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“In soybean, mechanical weed management in moldboard plow tillage had similar weed density (1.5 weeds m −2 ) lower yield (2.71 Mg ha −1 ), but similar net return ($107.50 ha −1 )”
e5“In chisel tillage, mechanical weed management had greater weed density (7.4 weeds m −2 ), lower yield (2.2 Mg ha −1 ), and lower net return (−$7.80 ha −1 ) compared with chemical (1.9 weeds m −2 , 2.8 Mg ha −1 , and $56.80 ha −1 , respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn and soybean growers can adopt chemical-mechanical weed management and maintain net returns.
- Taxon
- Corn and soybeanGlycine maxZea mays subsp. mayse6
- Outcome
- chemical–mechanical weed managemente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Corn and soybean growers apparently can adopt chemical–mechanical weed management and maintain net returns”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean growers under moldboard plow tillage can adopt mechanical weed management and maintain net returns.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe7
- Outcome
- mechanical weed managemente7
- Setting
- moldboard plow tillagee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Soybean growers who use moldboard plow tillage can also adopt mechanical weed management and maintain net returns”
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