Paper · 2015 · AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Application of multivariate analysis to evaluate the biochemical changes in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) after exposure to water stress and silicon applications

Castro de Souza Luma; André dos Santos Nogueira Glauco; Ferraz de Almeida Risely; et al.

7
claims
11
verbatim quotes
4
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by

Abstract

The objective of the present work was to verify, through multivariate analysis, the behavior patterns of biochemical compounds in forage sorghum, submitted to different silicon applications and water stress. Experiment with forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), variety BR 700, was conducted in a greenhouse. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2×4 factorial arrangement with seven replicates, two hydric conditions (irrigated and water deficit) and four silicon applications (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mM). The multivariate analysis showed that when there is no shortage of water and regardless of the silicon dose, nitrate levels were higher and carbohydrate, proline and sucrose levels were lower in leaves and roots. The quantity of biochemical compounds differed between sorghum leaves and roots. This condition also varied according to the soil water stress. Silicon application in sorghum plants mitigates the negative effect of drought stress, favoring this crop cultivation in areas of low water availability. Nonetheless, differences between silicon doses were not observed in this experiment. Therefore, it is recommended that this chemical should be applied in drought-ridden areas. Key words: Water stress, proline, multivariate analysis, principal component analysis.

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Claims 7

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Under adequate water, sorghum leaf and root nitrate was higher regardless of silicon dose.

Taxon
Sorghum bicolor L. MoenchSorghum bicolore0
Organ / stage
leaves and rootse1
Treatment
no shortage of watere1
Outcome
nitrate levelse1
Direction
highere1
Qualifier
regardless of the silicon dosee1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum bicolor
Sorghum bicolor · TaxonNo machine-readable author provided. Pethan assumed (based on copyright claims). · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 224–266 · show in text ↑
e1

“when there is no shortage of water and regardless of the silicon dose, nitrate levels were higher and carbohydrate, proline and sucrose levels were lower in leaves and roots.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 567–741 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Under adequate water, sorghum carbohydrate, proline, and sucrose levels were lower regardless of silicon dose.

Taxon
Sorghum bicolor L. MoenchSorghum bicolore0
Organ / stage
leaves and rootse1
Treatment
no shortage of watere1
Outcome
carbohydrate, proline and sucrose levelse1
Direction
lowere1
Qualifier
regardless of the silicon dosee1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum bicolor
Sorghum bicolor · TaxonNo machine-readable author provided. Pethan assumed (based on copyright claims). · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 224–266 · show in text ↑
e1

“when there is no shortage of water and regardless of the silicon dose, nitrate levels were higher and carbohydrate, proline and sucrose levels were lower in leaves and roots.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 567–741 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Biochemical compound quantities differed between sorghum leaves and roots.

Taxon
sorghumSorghume0
Organ / stage
leaves and rootse0
Outcome
quantity of biochemical compoundse0
Direction
differede0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum
Sorghum · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Evelyn Simak · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The quantity of biochemical compounds differed between sorghum leaves and roots.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 742–822 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sorghum biochemical compound quantities varied with soil water stress.

Taxon
sorghumSorghume0
Treatment
soil water stresse0
Outcome
quantity of biochemical compoundse0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum
Sorghum · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Evelyn Simak · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The quantity of biochemical compounds differed between sorghum leaves and roots. This condition also varied according to the soil water stress.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 742–885 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Silicon application mitigated the negative effect of drought stress in sorghum.

Taxon
sorghumSorghume0
Treatment
Silicon applicatione0
Outcome
negative effect of drought stresse0
Direction
mitigatese0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum
Sorghum · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Evelyn Simak · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Silicon application in sorghum plants mitigates the negative effect of drought stress”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 886–971 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The study observed no differences among silicon doses.

Taxon
forage sorghume1
Treatment
silicon dosese0
Outcome
differences between silicon dosese0
Direction
not observede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“differences between silicon doses were not observed in this experiment.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1053–1124 · show in text ↑
e1

“Experiment with forage sorghum”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 208–238 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors recommend silicon application in drought-ridden areas.

Taxon
sorghumSorghume1
Outcome
this chemical should be applied in drought-ridden arease0
Setting
drought-ridden arease0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum
Sorghum · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Evelyn Simak · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“it is recommended that this chemical should be applied in drought-ridden areas.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1136–1215 · show in text ↑
e1

“Silicon application in sorghum plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 886–923 · show in text ↑

silicon atom · nutrient: content · SorghumPositive and negative results

9 papers: 8 positive, 1 negative or no effect

8 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.