Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to study the allelopathy effect of decomposed substance of strawberry root and explore its inhibition mechanism of root decomposing products to functions of strawberry photosynthetic apparatus. Potted experiment was conducted to investigate that five concentrations of decomposed substance of strawberry root(0.00%,2.5%,5.0%,10.0% and 20.0%)were usted to study the effects of different decomposed substances on the growth and development of strawberry plants, leaf gas exchange and photosystems functions of strawberry leaves. The results showed that the stalk diameter, petiole length and leaf area of strawberry plants were inhibited by decomposed substance. Compared with control, leaf area of strawberry decreased by 16.3%,18.8%, 27.1% and 38.8%, respectively after treated 70d. With the increasing of root decomposed substance concentration,chlorophyll contents of strawberry leaves decreased significantly, chlorophyll a/b value decreased. The net photosynthetic rate(Pn)decreased by 22.7%, 25.3%, 43.2% and 43.0% companed to control, respectively. Stomatal conductance(Gs)and intercellular CO2concentration(Ci) changed as well. Electron transfer of PSⅡ reaction center acceptor side was not significantly damaged under low concentration treatment, but the PSⅡ reaction center, oxygen-evolving complex(OEC) and the electron acceptora side of PSⅡ(QA) were all harmed under high concentration treatment, which resulted in the decline maximum photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm)and photochemical performance index(PIABS) of PS Ⅱ. The activity of PSI increased with the increase of root decomposed substance concentration. PS I and PS II photosynthetic apparatus function of strawberry leaves declined when treated with root decomposing products, affecting the growth and development of plants. In addition, the higher of roots decomposing products concentration, the heavier inhibition of the development and physiological metabolism of strawberry plants. In conclusion, root decomposed substance is one of the important reason of strawberry continuous cropping obstacles.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Root decomposed substance inhibited strawberry stalk diameter and petiole length.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassae0 - Treatment
- decomposed substancee0
- Outcome
- stalk diameter, petiole lengthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the stalk diameter, petiole length and leaf area of strawberry plants were inhibited by decomposed substance.”
Claim · model-written summary
After 70 days, strawberry leaf area decreased by 16.3% at the first nonzero root decomposition product concentration relative to control.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- 2.5%e1
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 16.3%e0
- Qualifier
- 70de0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with control, leaf area of strawberry decreased by 16.3%,18.8%, 27.1% and 38.8%, respectively after treated 70d.”
e1“five concentrations of decomposed substance of strawberry root(0.00%,2.5%,5.0%,10.0% and 20.0%)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 5.0%, strawberry leaf area decreased by 18.8% after 70 days relative to control.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- 5.0%e1
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 18.8%e0
- Qualifier
- 70de0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with control, leaf area of strawberry decreased by 16.3%,18.8%, 27.1% and 38.8%, respectively after treated 70d.”
e1“five concentrations of decomposed substance of strawberry root(0.00%,2.5%,5.0%,10.0% and 20.0%)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10.0%, strawberry leaf area decreased by 27.1% after 70 days relative to control.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- 10.0%e1
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 27.1%e0
- Qualifier
- 70de0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with control, leaf area of strawberry decreased by 16.3%,18.8%, 27.1% and 38.8%, respectively after treated 70d.”
e1“five concentrations of decomposed substance of strawberry root(0.00%,2.5%,5.0%,10.0% and 20.0%)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 20.0%, strawberry leaf area decreased by 38.8% after 70 days relative to control.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- 20.0%e1
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 38.8%e0
- Qualifier
- 70de0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with control, leaf area of strawberry decreased by 16.3%,18.8%, 27.1% and 38.8%, respectively after treated 70d.”
e1“five concentrations of decomposed substance of strawberry root(0.00%,2.5%,5.0%,10.0% and 20.0%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing root decomposition substance concentration significantly decreased leaf chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- root decomposed substance concentratione0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With the increasing of root decomposed substance concentration,chlorophyll contents of strawberry leaves decreased significantly, chlorophyll a/b value decreased.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing root decomposition substance concentration decreased chlorophyll a/b.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- root decomposed substance concentratione0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a/b valuee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With the increasing of root decomposed substance concentration,chlorophyll contents of strawberry leaves decreased significantly, chlorophyll a/b value decreased.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 2.5%, net photosynthetic rate decreased by 22.7% relative to control.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- 2.5%e1
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate(Pn)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 22.7%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The net photosynthetic rate(Pn)decreased by 22.7%, 25.3%, 43.2% and 43.0% companed to control, respectively.”
e1“five concentrations of decomposed substance of strawberry root(0.00%,2.5%,5.0%,10.0% and 20.0%)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 5.0%, net photosynthetic rate decreased by 25.3% relative to control.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- 5.0%e1
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate(Pn)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 25.3%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The net photosynthetic rate(Pn)decreased by 22.7%, 25.3%, 43.2% and 43.0% companed to control, respectively.”
e1“five concentrations of decomposed substance of strawberry root(0.00%,2.5%,5.0%,10.0% and 20.0%)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10.0%, net photosynthetic rate decreased by 43.2% relative to control.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- 10.0%e1
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate(Pn)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 43.2%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The net photosynthetic rate(Pn)decreased by 22.7%, 25.3%, 43.2% and 43.0% companed to control, respectively.”
e1“five concentrations of decomposed substance of strawberry root(0.00%,2.5%,5.0%,10.0% and 20.0%)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 20.0%, net photosynthetic rate decreased by 43.0% relative to control.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- 20.0%e1
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate(Pn)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 43.0%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The net photosynthetic rate(Pn)decreased by 22.7%, 25.3%, 43.2% and 43.0% companed to control, respectively.”
e1“five concentrations of decomposed substance of strawberry root(0.00%,2.5%,5.0%,10.0% and 20.0%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration changed under root decomposition product treatment.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- decomposed substance of strawberry roote1
- Outcome
- Stomatal conductance(Gs)and intercellular CO2concentration(Ci)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stomatal conductance(Gs)and intercellular CO2concentration(Ci) changed as well.”
e1“five concentrations of decomposed substance of strawberry root(0.00%,2.5%,5.0%,10.0% and 20.0%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low concentrations did not significantly damage electron transfer on the PSⅡ reaction center acceptor side.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- low concentration treatmente0
- Outcome
- Electron transfer of PSⅡ reaction center acceptor sidee0
- Direction
- not significantly damagede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Electron transfer of PSⅡ reaction center acceptor side was not significantly damaged under low concentration treatment”
t0“Strawberry Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
High concentrations harmed the PSⅡ reaction center, oxygen-evolving complex and PSⅡ electron acceptor side.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- high concentration treatmente0
- Outcome
- PSⅡ reaction center, oxygen-evolving complex(OEC) and the electron acceptora side of PSⅡ(QA)e0
- Direction
- harmede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the PSⅡ reaction center, oxygen-evolving complex(OEC) and the electron acceptora side of PSⅡ(QA) were all harmed under high concentration treatment”
t0“Strawberry Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Damage under high concentrations caused declines in maximum photochemical efficiency and PSⅡ photochemical performance index.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- high concentration treatmente0
- Outcome
- maximum photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm)and photochemical performance index(PIABS) of PS Ⅱe0
- Direction
- declinee0
- Qualifier
- were all harmede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were all harmed under high concentration treatment, which resulted in the decline maximum photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm)and photochemical performance index(PIABS) of PS Ⅱ.”
t0“Strawberry Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
PSI activity increased as root decomposed substance concentration increased.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- root decomposed substance concentratione0
- Outcome
- activity of PSIe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of PSI increased with the increase of root decomposed substance concentration.”
t0“Strawberry Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Root decomposition products reduced PS I and PS II apparatus function, affecting growth and development.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- root decomposing productse0
- Outcome
- growth and developmente0
- Qualifier
- PS I and PS II photosynthetic apparatus function of strawberry leaves declinede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PS I and PS II photosynthetic apparatus function of strawberry leaves declined when treated with root decomposing products, affecting the growth and development of plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher root decomposition product concentrations caused stronger inhibition of development and physiological metabolism.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- roots decomposing products concentratione0
- Outcome
- development and physiological metabolisme0
- Direction
- heavier inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the higher of roots decomposing products concentration, the heavier inhibition of the development and physiological metabolism of strawberry plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that root decomposed substance contributes importantly to strawberry continuous cropping obstacles.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- root decomposed substancee0
- Outcome
- continuous cropping obstaclese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In conclusion, root decomposed substance is one of the important reason of strawberry continuous cropping obstacles.”