Abstract
Pot experiments are conducted to distinguish nitrogen nutrition characters of rice and adaptation to continuous water stress with the two main treatments:waterlogged soil condition and upland soil condition either by covering straw or flim.Compared with rice on waterlogged soil condition,dry matter ratios of root to shoot, leaf length, maximum root length, average root length, and root dry matter weight decrease, with a considerable increase, white root number and ratios of white root number to total root number,howeter.In addition, quantities of thin roots and root hairs are found from the roots of rice in upland farming.Compared with rice on waterlogged soil condition, the active absorption areas of roots, the activity of glycolic acid oxidase in leaves, the contents of chlorophyll a, b and a + b, the contents of NRA and NO_3-N both in leaves and roots increase significantly during nursery seedling stages in upland farming.Net photosynthesis rate diminishes obviously while ratios of chlorophyll a to b have little changes. From the young-panicle differentiation to heading stages, NRA,NO_3-N,hlorophyll a , b and total content of rice plant maintaine higher levels, whereas ratios of chlorophyll a to b decrease by 0.12 units. Net photosynthesis rate tends to be the same as those in waterlogged soil condition.Endogenous hormone of rice has greater changes in upland farming than in waterlogged cultivation. ABA both in roots and in leaves and GA_(1/3) in roots of rice cultivated in upland soil increase obviously at the young-panicle differentiation stage, whereas GA_(1/3) and iPA in leaves and iPA in roots of rice cultivated in upland soil diminishe significantly.IAA in roots of hybrid rice, Shanyou 63, increase to a great extent, but the reverse is true for upland rice 85-15. At the maturing stages of rice, IAA and GA_(1/3) in leaves, iPA in roots increase significantly while ABA in roots and in leaves decreases to some extent. There are significant differences in GA_(1/3) and IAA in roots and iPA in leaves among the varieties tested.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Upland farming reduced root to shoot dry matter ratio, leaf length, root lengths and root dry matter weight relative to waterlogged soil.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- upland soil conditione1
- Outcome
- dry matter ratios of root to shoot, leaf length, maximum root length, average root length, and root dry matter weighte0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- waterlogged soil conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with rice on waterlogged soil condition,dry matter ratios of root to shoot, leaf length, maximum root length, average root length, and root dry matter weight decrease”
e1“Pot experiments are conducted to distinguish nitrogen nutrition characters of rice and adaptation to continuous water stress with the two main treatments:waterlogged soil condition and upland soil condition either by covering straw or flim.”
Claim · model-written summary
Upland farming increased white root number and its proportion of total roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- upland farmingt0
- Outcome
- white root number and ratios of white root number to total root numbere0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- waterlogged soil conditione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with a considerable increase, white root number and ratios of white root number to total root number”
t0“Rice Plant under Upland Farming with Mulching”
e1“Compared with rice on waterlogged soil condition,dry matter ratios of root to shoot, leaf length, maximum root length, average root length, and root dry matter weight decrease”
Claim · model-written summary
Thin roots and root hairs occurred in upland rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- thin roots and root hairse0
- Setting
- upland farminge0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“quantities of thin roots and root hairs are found from the roots of rice in upland farming”
Claim · model-written summary
At nursery stage, upland farming significantly increased root active absorption area and leaf glycolic acid oxidase activity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- nursery seedling stagese0
- Treatment
- upland farminge0
- Gene
- glycolic acid oxidasee0
- Outcome
- active absorption areas of roots, the activity of glycolic acid oxidase in leavese0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- waterlogged soil conditione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the active absorption areas of roots, the activity of glycolic acid oxidase in leaves, the contents of chlorophyll a, b and a + b, the contents of NRA and NO_3-N both in leaves and roots increase significantly during nursery seedling stages in upland farming”
t0“Rice Plant under Upland Farming with Mulching”
e1“Compared with rice on waterlogged soil condition,dry matter ratios of root to shoot, leaf length, maximum root length, average root length, and root dry matter weight decrease”
Claim · model-written summary
At nursery stage, upland farming significantly increased chlorophyll and nitrate reductase activity and nitrate nitrogen content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- nursery seedling stagese0
- Treatment
- upland farminge0
- Outcome
- contents of chlorophyll a, b and a + b, the contents of NRA and NO_3-Ne0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- waterlogged soil conditione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the contents of chlorophyll a, b and a + b, the contents of NRA and NO_3-N both in leaves and roots increase significantly during nursery seedling stages in upland farming”
t0“Rice Plant under Upland Farming with Mulching”
e1“Compared with rice on waterlogged soil condition,dry matter ratios of root to shoot, leaf length, maximum root length, average root length, and root dry matter weight decrease”
Claim · model-written summary
Upland farming lowered net photosynthesis rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- upland farmingt0
- Outcome
- Net photosynthesis ratee0
- Direction
- diminishese0
- Comparator
- waterlogged soil conditione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Net photosynthesis rate diminishes obviously”
t0“Rice Plant under Upland Farming with Mulching”
e1“Compared with rice on waterlogged soil condition,dry matter ratios of root to shoot, leaf length, maximum root length, average root length, and root dry matter weight decrease”
Claim · model-written summary
The chlorophyll a to b ratio changed little under upland farming.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- upland farmingt0
- Outcome
- ratios of chlorophyll a to be0
- Direction
- little changese0
- Comparator
- waterlogged soil conditione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ratios of chlorophyll a to b have little changes”
t0“Rice Plant under Upland Farming with Mulching”
e1“Compared with rice on waterlogged soil condition,dry matter ratios of root to shoot, leaf length, maximum root length, average root length, and root dry matter weight decrease”
Claim · model-written summary
From panicle differentiation to heading, NRA, nitrate and chlorophyll stayed higher in upland rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- young-panicle differentiation to heading stagese0
- Treatment
- upland farmingt0
- Outcome
- NRA,NO_3-N,hlorophyll a , b and total contente0
- Direction
- higher levelse0
- Comparator
- waterlogged soil conditione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“From the young-panicle differentiation to heading stages, NRA,NO_3-N,hlorophyll a , b and total content of rice plant maintaine higher levels”
t0“Rice Plant under Upland Farming with Mulching”
e1“Compared with rice on waterlogged soil condition,dry matter ratios of root to shoot, leaf length, maximum root length, average root length, and root dry matter weight decrease”
Claim · model-written summary
The chlorophyll a to b ratio decreased by 0.12 units from panicle differentiation to heading.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- ratios of chlorophyll a to be0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 0.12 unitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ratios of chlorophyll a to b decrease by 0.12 units”
t0“Rice Plant under Upland Farming with Mulching”
Claim · model-written summary
Net photosynthesis rate approached the waterlogged condition level.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- upland farmingt0
- Outcome
- Net photosynthesis ratee0
- Direction
- the samee0
- Comparator
- waterlogged soil conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Net photosynthesis rate tends to be the same as those in waterlogged soil condition”
t0“Rice Plant under Upland Farming with Mulching”
Claim · model-written summary
Upland farming produced greater endogenous hormone changes than waterlogged cultivation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- upland farminge0
- Outcome
- Endogenous hormonee0
- Direction
- greater changese0
- Comparator
- waterlogged cultivatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Endogenous hormone of rice has greater changes in upland farming than in waterlogged cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
At panicle differentiation, upland cultivation increased root and leaf ABA and root GA.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- young-panicle differentiation stagee0
- Treatment
- upland soile0
- Outcome
- ABA both in roots and in leaves and GA_(1/3) in rootse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- waterlogged cultivatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA both in roots and in leaves and GA_(1/3) in roots of rice cultivated in upland soil increase obviously at the young-panicle differentiation stage”
t0“Rice Plant under Upland Farming with Mulching”
e1“Endogenous hormone of rice has greater changes in upland farming than in waterlogged cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
At panicle differentiation, upland cultivation decreased leaf GA and iPA and root iPA.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- upland soile0
- Outcome
- GA_(1/3) and iPA in leaves and iPA in rootse0
- Direction
- diminishee0
- Comparator
- waterlogged cultivatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA_(1/3) and iPA in leaves and iPA in roots of rice cultivated in upland soil diminishe significantly”
t0“Rice Plant under Upland Farming with Mulching”
e1“Endogenous hormone of rice has greater changes in upland farming than in waterlogged cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Root IAA increased strongly in Shanyou 63 under upland cultivation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Shanyou 63e0
- Treatment
- upland farmingt0
- Outcome
- IAA in rootse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- waterlogged cultivatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IAA in roots of hybrid rice, Shanyou 63, increase to a great extent”
t0“Rice Plant under Upland Farming with Mulching”
e1“Endogenous hormone of rice has greater changes in upland farming than in waterlogged cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Root IAA showed the reverse response in upland rice 85-15.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- 85-15e0
- Treatment
- upland farmingt0
- Outcome
- IAA in rootse2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Comparator
- waterlogged cultivatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but the reverse is true for upland rice 85-15”
t0“Rice Plant under Upland Farming with Mulching”
e1“Endogenous hormone of rice has greater changes in upland farming than in waterlogged cultivation”
e2“IAA in roots of hybrid rice, Shanyou 63, increase to a great extent”
Claim · model-written summary
At maturity, leaf IAA and GA and root iPA increased in upland rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- maturing stagese0
- Treatment
- upland farmingt0
- Outcome
- IAA and GA_(1/3) in leaves, iPA in rootse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- waterlogged cultivatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the maturing stages of rice, IAA and GA_(1/3) in leaves, iPA in roots increase significantly”
t0“Rice Plant under Upland Farming with Mulching”
e1“Endogenous hormone of rice has greater changes in upland farming than in waterlogged cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
At maturity, root and leaf ABA decreased in upland rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- upland farmingt0
- Outcome
- ABA in roots and in leavese0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Comparator
- waterlogged cultivatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA in roots and in leaves decreases to some extent”
t0“Rice Plant under Upland Farming with Mulching”
e1“Endogenous hormone of rice has greater changes in upland farming than in waterlogged cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Root GA and IAA and leaf iPA differed significantly among varieties.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- varieties testede0
- Outcome
- GA_(1/3) and IAA in roots and iPA in leavese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There are significant differences in GA_(1/3) and IAA in roots and iPA in leaves among the varieties tested”
t0“Rice Plant under Upland Farming with Mulching”