Abstract
Sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani infection is one of the three major pathogen-caused diseases in rice. Sodium silicate has been reported to improve the resistance of rice to sheath bright. In this study, we invested the impacts of sodium silicate on rice photosynthesis under Rhizoctonia solani (R.solani) infection. We hydroponically cultured two rice cultivars with different resistances to R.solani infection (resistant cultivar 91SP, susceptible cultivar Lemont) and characterized different photosynthetic physiological parameters.Our experiments showed that: (1) After being inoculated with R.solani, the rice with sodium silicate application (the Si+ rice) had lower (but not statistically significant) disease rating and disease index compared to the Si-rice plants in resistant cultivar 91SP, but the Si+ rice plants of susceptible cultivar Lemont had significantly lower rating and disease index with relative control effect of 27.42% compared to the Si-rice plants. (2) After being inoculated with R.solani, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of rice leaves were decreased significantly, while intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was increased. After treated with exogenous sodium silicate, chlorophyll content, Pn and Gs were increased, while Ci was decreased. (3) After being inoculated with R.solani, PSⅡmaximal quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm), PSⅡeffective quantum efficiency (Fv'/Fm'), PSⅡactual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSⅡ), photochemical quenching (qP) and acyclic electron transfer late (ETR) were all decreased, but non-photochemical quenching (qNP) was increased. The Si+ rice plants showed less changes in these fluorescence parameters. (4) Si+ rice plants showed less boost in MDA contents upon R. solani inoculation in both cultivars. The results suggested that, exogenous sodium silicate application can alleviate the decreases of photosynthetic rate induced by non-stomata factors and the damage of photosynthesis system, increase photochemical efficiency, improve the foliar photosynthetic ability, reduce the degree of leaf lipid peroxidation, and enhance the rice plants resistance to sheath blight.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium silicate lowered disease rating and index in resistant 91SP rice, without statistical significance.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Material
- 91SPe0
- Treatment
- sodium silicate applicatione0
- Interactor
- R.solani
Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- disease rating and disease indexe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- Si-rice plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After being inoculated with R.solani, the rice with sodium silicate application (the Si+ rice) had lower (but not statistically significant) disease rating and disease index compared to the Si-rice plants in resistant cultivar 91SP”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium silicate significantly lowered disease rating and index in susceptible Lemont rice, with 27.42% relative control effect.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Lemonte0
- Treatment
- sodium silicate applicatione1
- Interactor
- R.solaniRhizoctonia solanie2pathogen
- Outcome
- rating and disease indexe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 27.42%e0
- Comparator
- Si-rice plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Si+ rice plants of susceptible cultivar Lemont had significantly lower rating and disease index with relative control effect of 27.42% compared to the Si-rice plants”
e1“the rice with sodium silicate application (the Si+ rice)”
e2“After being inoculated with R.solani, the rice”
Claim · model-written summary
R.solani inoculation significantly decreased rice leaf chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- inoculated with R.solanie0
- Interactor
- R.solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After being inoculated with R.solani, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of rice leaves were decreased significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
R.solani inoculation increased intercellular CO2 concentration in rice leaves.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- inoculated with R.solanie0
- Interactor
- R.solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After being inoculated with R.solani, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of rice leaves were decreased significantly, while intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous sodium silicate increased rice chlorophyll content, Pn and Gs following infection.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- exogenous sodium silicatee0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content, Pn and Gse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After treated with exogenous sodium silicate, chlorophyll content, Pn and Gs were increased”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous sodium silicate decreased rice Ci following infection.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- exogenous sodium silicatee0
- Outcome
- Cie0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After treated with exogenous sodium silicate, chlorophyll content, Pn and Gs were increased, while Ci was decreased”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
R.solani inoculation decreased rice PSⅡ maximal, effective and actual photochemical quantum efficiencies.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculated with R.solanie0
- Interactor
- R.solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- PSⅡmaximal quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm), PSⅡeffective quantum efficiency (Fv'/Fm'), PSⅡactual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSⅡ)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After being inoculated with R.solani, PSⅡmaximal quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm), PSⅡeffective quantum efficiency (Fv'/Fm'), PSⅡactual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSⅡ), photochemical quenching (qP) and acyclic electron transfer late (ETR) were all decreased”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
R.solani inoculation decreased rice photochemical quenching and acyclic electron transfer rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculated with R.solanie0
- Interactor
- R.solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- photochemical quenching (qP) and acyclic electron transfer late (ETR)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After being inoculated with R.solani, PSⅡmaximal quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm), PSⅡeffective quantum efficiency (Fv'/Fm'), PSⅡactual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSⅡ), photochemical quenching (qP) and acyclic electron transfer late (ETR) were all decreased”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
R.solani inoculation increased rice non-photochemical quenching.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculated with R.solanie1
- Interactor
- R.solaniRhizoctonia solanie1pathogen
- Outcome
- non-photochemical quenching (qNP)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but non-photochemical quenching (qNP) was increased”
e1“After being inoculated with R.solani, PSⅡmaximal quantum efficiency”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium silicate attenuated changes in rice PSⅡ maximal, effective and actual photochemical efficiencies.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- sodium silicate applicatione2
- Outcome
- PSⅡmaximal quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm), PSⅡeffective quantum efficiency (Fv'/Fm'), PSⅡactual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSⅡ)e0
- Direction
- less changese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PSⅡmaximal quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm), PSⅡeffective quantum efficiency (Fv'/Fm'), PSⅡactual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSⅡ)”
e1“The Si+ rice plants showed less changes in these fluorescence parameters.”
e2“the rice with sodium silicate application (the Si+ rice)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium silicate attenuated changes in rice photochemical quenching, electron transfer rate and non-photochemical quenching.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- sodium silicate applicatione2
- Outcome
- fluorescence parameterse1
- Direction
- less changese1
- Qualifier
- photochemical quenching (qP) and acyclic electron transfer late (ETR) were all decreased, but non-photochemical quenching (qNP) was increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“photochemical quenching (qP) and acyclic electron transfer late (ETR) were all decreased, but non-photochemical quenching (qNP) was increased”
e1“The Si+ rice plants showed less changes in these fluorescence parameters.”
e2“the rice with sodium silicate application (the Si+ rice)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium silicate reduced the increase in MDA content upon R. solani inoculation in both rice cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- sodium silicate applicatione1
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- MDA contentse0
- Direction
- less booste0
- Qualifier
- in both cultivarse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si+ rice plants showed less boost in MDA contents upon R. solani inoculation in both cultivars.”
e1“the rice with sodium silicate application (the Si+ rice)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that sodium silicate alleviates non-stomatal photosynthetic inhibition and photosynthetic-system damage in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- exogenous sodium silicate applicatione0
- Outcome
- decreases of photosynthetic rate induced by non-stomata factors and the damage of photosynthesis systeme0
- Direction
- alleviatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous sodium silicate application can alleviate the decreases of photosynthetic rate induced by non-stomata factors and the damage of photosynthesis system”
t0“rice”
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See all 35 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.