Abstract
【Objectives 】 Study of fertilizer effects on growth and development of tobacco mainly focuses on investigating tobacco's macroscopic indexes( such as agronomic traits,photosynthetic efficiency,and etc.),but how fertilizers affect tobacco cell microstructure in different periods is seldom reported. In this experiment,using cultivar Nicotianatabacum L. K326 as a material,we studied differences of tobacco photosynthesis,leaf gas exchange traits,chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics,chlorophyll content and chloroplast ultrastructure under two different fertilizer treatments,in order to reveal mechanism of fertilizer effects on photosynthesis in both photosynthetic efficiency and chloroplast ultrastructure aspects,and we hope these can provide a theoretical basis for exploring high yield and quality mode in tobacco cultivation.【Methods】Vermiculite medium was used in pot experiment. Performed the flue- cured tobacco special organic fertilizer( N ∶ P2O5∶ K2 O = 9 ∶ 9 ∶ 10,organic matter≥70%,medium and trace elements ≥ 12%) and common urea as the two treatments. Industrialized virus- free tobacco- plants were used for sampling or measurements to which the 6th- 8thleaves taking superincumbent phyllotaxis during the leaf age of 15- days,30- days,45- days,60- days and 75- days,and calculating the leaf age from the leaves up to around 2 cm length. The LI- 6400 Portable Photosynthesis System( LICOR Inc.,Lincoln,Nebraska,USA) was used to measure the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration. The Maxi- Imaging- PAM( WALZ,Germany) were used to measure the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. A spectrophotometer was used to determine the absorbance values of the leaves pigments maceration extract,and calculate the content. The C- 7000 Electron Microscope was used for chloroplast ultrastructure observation,the relative ratio of starch granules to chloroplasts( Ra value) was calculated by Auto CAD 2004( Autodesk,Inc.,USA)from digital pictures. Statistical methods of the chloroplast grana lamellae were used according to Teichler- Zallen( improved by Goodenough). 【Results】The results indicate that the organic fertilizer could increase the leaf chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate,and the effects of the organic fertilizer are improved with the leaf age increasing. At the 60 day of leaves,the leaf chlorophyll content under the organic fertilizer application is 136. 1%higher than which under the chemical fertilizer application. At the 75 th day,compared to the chemical fertilizer application the photosynthetic rate,conductance and transpiration rate are 135. 3%,84. 5% and 51. 3% higher,respectively,and the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,Y[Ⅱ] and q L,are 22. 2% and 39. 5% higher than the chemical fertilizer application and the leaf intrinsic photochemical efficiency( Fv / Fm) is 18. 7% higher than that at the 60 th day,while the non- photochemical quenching( NPQ) is 23. 2% lower than the chemical fertilizer application during the 45 day growth stages. Starch grains increase with the leaf age gradually increasing,meanwhile,the area ratio of starch grain to chloroplast( Ra value) is increased. The difference of Ra values between the two different treatments are significant,especially in the 45 leaf- age days,and the leaf Ra value under the chemical fertilizer application is higher than that under the organic fertilizer application( 31. 8%). Comparing the chloroplast shapes under the two fertilization patterns,the organic fertilizer treatment appears fusiform with a higher aspect ratio,while the chemical fertilizer appears round shape with a lower aspect ratio. 【Conclusions】The organic fertilizer can significantly increase the tobacco leaf chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate,and these effects are gradually enhanced with the leaf age increasing. The differences of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters between two different treatments show that the organic fertilization could delay crop senescence and enhance light utilization efficiency of tobacco leaves. The difference of Ra values between two fertilization modes cannot represent if the ability of starch synthesis under the chemical fertilizer application is better. By contrast,the organic fertilization can significantly increase the ratio of chloroplast grana which is the number of lamellae 10 to the total grana lamellae.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
At leaf day 60, organic fertilizer gave 136. 1% higher chlorophyll content than chemical fertilizer.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume7 - Treatment
- organic fertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- leaf chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 136. 1%e0
- Qualifier
- 60 day of leavese0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizer applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the 60 day of leaves,the leaf chlorophyll content under the organic fertilizer application is 136. 1%higher than which under the chemical fertilizer application.”
e7“of tobacco leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
At day 75, organic fertilizer gave 135. 3% higher photosynthetic rate than chemical fertilizer.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume7
- Treatment
- organic fertilizere1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 135. 3%e0
- Qualifier
- 75 th daye0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizer applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the 75 th day,compared to the chemical fertilizer application the photosynthetic rate,conductance and transpiration rate are 135. 3%,84. 5% and 51. 3% higher,respectively”
e1“the organic fertilizer could increase the leaf chlorophyll content”
e7“of tobacco leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
At day 75, organic fertilizer gave 84. 5% higher conductance than chemical fertilizer.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume7
- Treatment
- organic fertilizere1
- Outcome
- conductancee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 84. 5%e0
- Qualifier
- 75 th daye0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizer applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the 75 th day,compared to the chemical fertilizer application the photosynthetic rate,conductance and transpiration rate are 135. 3%,84. 5% and 51. 3% higher,respectively”
e1“the organic fertilizer could increase the leaf chlorophyll content”
e7“of tobacco leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
At day 75, organic fertilizer gave 51. 3% higher transpiration than chemical fertilizer.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume7
- Treatment
- organic fertilizere1
- Outcome
- transpiration ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 51. 3%e0
- Qualifier
- 75 th daye0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizer applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the 75 th day,compared to the chemical fertilizer application the photosynthetic rate,conductance and transpiration rate are 135. 3%,84. 5% and 51. 3% higher,respectively”
e1“the organic fertilizer could increase the leaf chlorophyll content”
e7“of tobacco leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer gave Y[Ⅱ] 22. 2% higher than chemical fertilizer.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume7
- Treatment
- organic fertilizere1
- Outcome
- Y[Ⅱ]e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 22. 2%e0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizer applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,Y[Ⅱ] and q L,are 22. 2% and 39. 5% higher than the chemical fertilizer application”
e1“the organic fertilizer could increase the leaf chlorophyll content”
e7“of tobacco leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer gave q L 39. 5% higher than chemical fertilizer.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume7
- Treatment
- organic fertilizere1
- Outcome
- q Le0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 39. 5%e0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizer applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,Y[Ⅱ] and q L,are 22. 2% and 39. 5% higher than the chemical fertilizer application”
e1“the organic fertilizer could increase the leaf chlorophyll content”
e7“of tobacco leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf intrinsic photochemical efficiency at day 75 was 18. 7% higher than at day 60.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume7
- Outcome
- leaf intrinsic photochemical efficiencye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 18. 7%e0
- Comparator
- 60 th daye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the leaf intrinsic photochemical efficiency( Fv / Fm) is 18. 7% higher than that at the 60 th day”
e7“of tobacco leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
At the 45 day stage, organic fertilizer lowered NPQ by 23. 2% against chemical fertilizer.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume7
- Treatment
- organic fertilizere1
- Outcome
- non- photochemical quenching( NPQ)e0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 23. 2%e0
- Qualifier
- 45 day growth stagese0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizer applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the non- photochemical quenching( NPQ) is 23. 2% lower than the chemical fertilizer application during the 45 day growth stages.”
e1“the organic fertilizer could increase the leaf chlorophyll content”
e7“of tobacco leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Starch grains increased with leaf age.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume7
- Organ / stage
- leaf agee0
- Outcome
- Starch grainse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Starch grains increase with the leaf age gradually increasing”
e7“of tobacco leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
The starch-grain-to-chloroplast area ratio increased with leaf age.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume7
- Organ / stage
- leaf agee1
- Outcome
- area ratio of starch grain to chloroplast( Ra value)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the area ratio of starch grain to chloroplast( Ra value) is increased.”
e1“Starch grains increase with the leaf age gradually increasing”
e7“of tobacco leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical fertilizer produced a significantly higher leaf Ra value than organic fertilizer, especially at day 45.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume7
- Treatment
- chemical fertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- leaf Ra valuee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 31. 8%e0
- Qualifier
- 45 leaf- age dayse0
- Comparator
- organic fertilizer applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The difference of Ra values between the two different treatments are significant,especially in the 45 leaf- age days,and the leaf Ra value under the chemical fertilizer application is higher than that under the organic fertilizer application( 31. 8%).”
e7“of tobacco leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilization gave fusiform chloroplasts with higher aspect ratio.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume7
- Treatment
- organic fertilizer treatmente0
- Outcome
- fusiform with a higher aspect ratioe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the organic fertilizer treatment appears fusiform with a higher aspect ratio,while the chemical fertilizer appears round shape with a lower aspect ratio.”
e7“of tobacco leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical fertilizer gave round chloroplasts with lower aspect ratio.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume7
- Treatment
- chemical fertilizere0
- Outcome
- round shape with a lower aspect ratioe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- organic fertilizer treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the organic fertilizer treatment appears fusiform with a higher aspect ratio,while the chemical fertilizer appears round shape with a lower aspect ratio.”
e7“of tobacco leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors interpreted organic fertilization as delaying senescence and enhancing leaf light utilization.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- delay crop senescence and enhance light utilization efficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic fertilization could delay crop senescence and enhance light utilization efficiency of tobacco leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
The Ra differences could not establish superior starch synthesis under chemical fertilizer.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume7
- Outcome
- ability of starch synthesise0
- Qualifier
- cannot represente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The difference of Ra values between two fertilization modes cannot represent if the ability of starch synthesis under the chemical fertilizer application is better.”
e7“of tobacco leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer significantly increased the ratio of chloroplast grana with 10 lamellae.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume7
- Treatment
- organic fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- ratio of chloroplast granae0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizationt1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the organic fertilization can significantly increase the ratio of chloroplast grana which is the number of lamellae 10 to the total grana lamellae.”
e7“of tobacco leaves.”
t1“under organic fertilization and chemical fertilization”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · physiology: photosynthesis · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Positive and negative results
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →fertilization · physiology: pigments · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Positive and negative results
28 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
26 papers more in this group
See all 30 papers →fertilization · physiology: gas exchange · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.