Abstract
【Objectives】A field experiment was conducted for three years( 2010-2012) to research the effect of straw returning and potassium application on the yield,nutrient absorption of spring maize and the soil potassium balance,aiming to provide scientific basis for the rational use of corn straw and fertilizer in northeast china.【Methods】The experiment was located at the main maize producing zone,Chaoyangpo Town,Gongzhuling City,Jilin Province. The four treatments of NP,NP + St,NPK,NPK + St were set up with the consistent cultivation technique and field management. Five representative maize plants were collected from each plot at maturity stageevery year and divided into two parts of straw and grain,dry mater were weighed. Total nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents were determined. The middle four ridges of maize were harvested for calculating yield( the moisture content of maize used is 14%). Soil samples of 0-20 cm depth were taken before the experiment and after maize harvest for the soil available potassium determination. The related parameters of potassium utilization characteristics were calculated,and the effect of potassium application and straw returning on spring maize yield,nutrient absorption and soil potassium balance was analyzed.【Results】Compared with no K( NP) treatment,the treatment of NPK + St,NPK and NP + St increase the yield of maize by 13. 8%,9. 6% and 3. 8% respectively.Combined application of potassium fertilizer and straw returning could increase maize N,P,K absorption amounts in straw and grain. Compared with NP treatment,NPK,NP + St and NPK + St treatments increase the nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium uptake by 9. 4%- 24. 7%,12. 2%- 26. 0% and 6. 9%- 26. 4%,respectively. The treatment of NPK + St leads to the highest total nutrient uptake. Combined application of potassium fertilizer and straw returning could increase potassium harvest index,potassium utilization rare in chemical fertilizer and straw.Compared with NPK and NP + St,NPK + St increase potassium harvest index,potassium agronomic efficiency of chemical fertilizer,the recovery rate of chemical potassium and the straw potassium content. The potassium harvest index were increased by 5. 5%- 18. 8%,the agronomic efficiency and recovery rate of chemical potassium were increased by 8. 3% and 1. 1% respectively,the agronomy efficiency and recovery rate of straw potassium were increased by 4. 0% and 0. 7% respectively. Straw returning with potassium fertilizer can improve the soil available potassium content,the increase range was 1. 9%- 4. 0% and increase order is NPK + St NP + St NPK NP.The surplus of potassium of NPK + St,NPK and NP + St were 15. 0%,- 51. 1% and- 18. 1%,respectively.【Conclusions】Maize straw returning combined with potash fertilizer application can not only increase maize yield and the total amount of nutrient uptake,but also sustain potassium balance and improve soil potassium storage,maintaining the stability of the soil potassium fertility. Therefore,the combined use of potassium fertilizer and maize straw returning should be extended widely in the tested agricultural production area.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
NPK + St increased maize yield by 13.8% relative to the no-K NP treatment.
- Treatment
- NPK + Ste1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 13. 8%e1
- Comparator
- no K( NP) treatmente1
- Setting
- Chaoyangpo Town,Gongzhuling City,Jilin Provincee0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The experiment was located at the main maize producing zone,Chaoyangpo Town,Gongzhuling City,Jilin Province”
e1“Compared with no K( NP) treatment,the treatment of NPK + St,NPK and NP + St increase the yield of maize by 13. 8%,9. 6% and 3. 8% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK increased maize yield by 9.6% relative to the no-K NP treatment.
- Treatment
- NPKe1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 9. 6%e1
- Comparator
- no K( NP) treatmente1
- Setting
- Chaoyangpo Town,Gongzhuling City,Jilin Provincee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The experiment was located at the main maize producing zone,Chaoyangpo Town,Gongzhuling City,Jilin Province”
e1“Compared with no K( NP) treatment,the treatment of NPK + St,NPK and NP + St increase the yield of maize by 13. 8%,9. 6% and 3. 8% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
NP + St increased maize yield by 3.8% relative to the no-K NP treatment.
- Treatment
- NP + Ste1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 3. 8%e1
- Comparator
- no K( NP) treatmente1
- Setting
- Chaoyangpo Town,Gongzhuling City,Jilin Provincee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The experiment was located at the main maize producing zone,Chaoyangpo Town,Gongzhuling City,Jilin Province”
e1“Compared with no K( NP) treatment,the treatment of NPK + St,NPK and NP + St increase the yield of maize by 13. 8%,9. 6% and 3. 8% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK, NP + St and NPK + St increased maize nitrogen uptake by 9.4%-24.7% relative to NP.
- Treatment
- NPK,NP + St and NPK + Ste0
- Outcome
- nitrogene0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 9. 4%- 24. 7%e0
- Qualifier
- uptakee0
- Comparator
- NP treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with NP treatment,NPK,NP + St and NPK + St treatments increase the nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium uptake by 9. 4%- 24. 7%,12. 2%- 26. 0% and 6. 9%- 26. 4%,respectively”
e1“Compared with no K( NP) treatment,the treatment of NPK + St,NPK and NP + St increase the yield of maize by 13. 8%,9. 6% and 3. 8% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK, NP + St and NPK + St increased maize phosphorus uptake by 12.2%-26.0% relative to NP.
- Treatment
- NPK,NP + St and NPK + Ste0
- Outcome
- phosphoruse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 12. 2%- 26. 0%e0
- Qualifier
- uptakee0
- Comparator
- NP treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with NP treatment,NPK,NP + St and NPK + St treatments increase the nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium uptake by 9. 4%- 24. 7%,12. 2%- 26. 0% and 6. 9%- 26. 4%,respectively”
e1“Compared with no K( NP) treatment,the treatment of NPK + St,NPK and NP + St increase the yield of maize by 13. 8%,9. 6% and 3. 8% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK, NP + St and NPK + St increased maize potassium uptake by 6.9%-26.4% relative to NP.
- Treatment
- NPK,NP + St and NPK + Ste0
- Outcome
- potassiume0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 6. 9%- 26. 4%e0
- Qualifier
- uptakee0
- Comparator
- NP treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with NP treatment,NPK,NP + St and NPK + St treatments increase the nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium uptake by 9. 4%- 24. 7%,12. 2%- 26. 0% and 6. 9%- 26. 4%,respectively”
e1“Compared with no K( NP) treatment,the treatment of NPK + St,NPK and NP + St increase the yield of maize by 13. 8%,9. 6% and 3. 8% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK + St gave the highest total nutrient uptake of the maize treatments.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment of NPK + St leads to the highest total nutrient uptake”
e1“Compared with no K( NP) treatment,the treatment of NPK + St,NPK and NP + St increase the yield of maize by 13. 8%,9. 6% and 3. 8% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK + St increased potassium harvest index by 5.5%-18.8% relative to NPK and NP + St.
- Treatment
- NPK + Ste0
- Outcome
- potassium harvest indexe2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 5. 5%- 18. 8%e2
- Comparator
- NPK and NP + Ste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with NPK and NP + St,NPK + St increase potassium harvest index,potassium agronomic efficiency of chemical fertilizer,the recovery rate of chemical potassium and the straw potassium content”
e1“Compared with no K( NP) treatment,the treatment of NPK + St,NPK and NP + St increase the yield of maize by 13. 8%,9. 6% and 3. 8% respectively”
e2“The potassium harvest index were increased by 5. 5%- 18. 8%”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK + St increased the agronomic efficiency of chemical potassium by 8.3% relative to NPK and NP + St.
- Treatment
- NPK + Ste0
- Outcome
- agronomic efficiencye2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 8. 3%e2
- Qualifier
- of chemical potassiume2
- Comparator
- NPK and NP + Ste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with NPK and NP + St,NPK + St increase potassium harvest index,potassium agronomic efficiency of chemical fertilizer,the recovery rate of chemical potassium and the straw potassium content”
e1“Compared with no K( NP) treatment,the treatment of NPK + St,NPK and NP + St increase the yield of maize by 13. 8%,9. 6% and 3. 8% respectively”
e2“the agronomic efficiency and recovery rate of chemical potassium were increased by 8. 3% and 1. 1% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK + St increased the recovery rate of chemical potassium by 1.1% relative to NPK and NP + St.
- Treatment
- NPK + Ste0
- Outcome
- recovery ratee2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 1. 1%e2
- Qualifier
- of chemical potassiume2
- Comparator
- NPK and NP + Ste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with NPK and NP + St,NPK + St increase potassium harvest index,potassium agronomic efficiency of chemical fertilizer,the recovery rate of chemical potassium and the straw potassium content”
e1“Compared with no K( NP) treatment,the treatment of NPK + St,NPK and NP + St increase the yield of maize by 13. 8%,9. 6% and 3. 8% respectively”
e2“the agronomic efficiency and recovery rate of chemical potassium were increased by 8. 3% and 1. 1% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK + St increased the agronomy efficiency of straw potassium by 4.0% relative to NPK and NP + St.
- Treatment
- NPK + Ste0
- Outcome
- agronomy efficiencye2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 4. 0%e2
- Qualifier
- of straw potassiume2
- Comparator
- NPK and NP + Ste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with NPK and NP + St,NPK + St increase potassium harvest index,potassium agronomic efficiency of chemical fertilizer,the recovery rate of chemical potassium and the straw potassium content”
e1“Compared with no K( NP) treatment,the treatment of NPK + St,NPK and NP + St increase the yield of maize by 13. 8%,9. 6% and 3. 8% respectively”
e2“the agronomy efficiency and recovery rate of straw potassium were increased by 4. 0% and 0. 7% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK + St increased the recovery rate of straw potassium by 0.7% relative to NPK and NP + St.
- Treatment
- NPK + Ste0
- Outcome
- recovery ratee2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 0. 7%e2
- Qualifier
- of straw potassiume2
- Comparator
- NPK and NP + Ste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with NPK and NP + St,NPK + St increase potassium harvest index,potassium agronomic efficiency of chemical fertilizer,the recovery rate of chemical potassium and the straw potassium content”
e1“Compared with no K( NP) treatment,the treatment of NPK + St,NPK and NP + St increase the yield of maize by 13. 8%,9. 6% and 3. 8% respectively”
e2“the agronomy efficiency and recovery rate of straw potassium were increased by 4. 0% and 0. 7% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw returning with potassium fertilizer increased soil available potassium by 1.9%-4.0%.
- Treatment
- Straw returning with potassium fertilizere0
- Outcome
- soil available potassium contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 1. 9%- 4. 0%e0
- Qualifier
- increase order is NPK + St NP + St NPK NPe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Straw returning with potassium fertilizer can improve the soil available potassium content,the increase range was 1. 9%- 4. 0% and increase order is NPK + St NP + St NPK NP”
e1“Compared with no K( NP) treatment,the treatment of NPK + St,NPK and NP + St increase the yield of maize by 13. 8%,9. 6% and 3. 8% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The potassium surplus under NPK + St was 15.0%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The surplus of potassium of NPK + St,NPK and NP + St were 15. 0%,- 51. 1% and- 18. 1%,respectively”
e1“Compared with no K( NP) treatment,the treatment of NPK + St,NPK and NP + St increase the yield of maize by 13. 8%,9. 6% and 3. 8% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The potassium surplus under NPK was -51.1%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The surplus of potassium of NPK + St,NPK and NP + St were 15. 0%,- 51. 1% and- 18. 1%,respectively”
e1“Compared with no K( NP) treatment,the treatment of NPK + St,NPK and NP + St increase the yield of maize by 13. 8%,9. 6% and 3. 8% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The potassium surplus under NP + St was -18.1%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The surplus of potassium of NPK + St,NPK and NP + St were 15. 0%,- 51. 1% and- 18. 1%,respectively”
e1“Compared with no K( NP) treatment,the treatment of NPK + St,NPK and NP + St increase the yield of maize by 13. 8%,9. 6% and 3. 8% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend extending the combined use of potassium fertilizer and maize straw returning in the tested production area.
- Outcome
- combined use of potassium fertilizer and maize straw returninge0
- Setting
- tested agricultural production areae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combined use of potassium fertilizer and maize straw returning should be extended widely in the tested agricultural production area”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · nutrient: efficiency · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
173 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
185 papers more in this group
See all 189 papers →nanoparticle · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
66 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
73 papers more in this group
See all 77 papers →organic · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
97 papers in the same direction as this paper · 22 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
116 papers more in this group
See all 120 papers →nanoparticle · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
214 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
229 papers more in this group
See all 233 papers →fertilization · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1,025 papers in the same direction as this paper · 127 in the opposite direction · 11 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
1,160 papers more in this group
See all 1,164 papers →fertilization · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
3,484 papers in the same direction as this paper · 338 in the opposite direction · 85 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
3,904 papers more in this group
See all 3,908 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.