Abstract
The headblight or scab of wheat caused by Gibberella zeae (Schw.) Petch.has in recent years become more prevalent in the rice-wheat growing area ofEastern China with two heavy epidemics in 1952 and in 1954.It was reportedfrom this area that wheat varieties showed marked differences in their susceptibilityto headblight and that native varieties in general were less susceptible than theimproved ones.It was also reported that the degree of susceptibility appeared tobe related to the stage of host development.In 1952,varieties with earlier date ofheading were generally less susceptible than those which headed late. Varietal tests for the headblight resistance were made in Nanking in 1952and 1954.In 1952,235 varieties and hybrids were studied for their resistance toscab under natural conditions in the field.Great differences were found in theirdegree of infection,although none of them was immune.The percentages of in-fected heads ranged from 0.9 to 89.1 with most of them having 10 to 40% infec-tion.No definite correlation was seen between the percentage of infection andthe date of heading or of maturing.In 1954,tests on varietal resistance to scabwere again made with 40 varieties and hybrids including those being relatively lesssusceptible in the previous test.Attempts were made to induce epidemics in thefield by means of artificial inoculation.Results indicated that both mycelial andconidial suspensions were similarly effective for artificial inoculation.The averagepercentages of infected heads in the inoculated plots ranged from 4.2 to 77.7 incontrast to the uninoculated plots where the average percentages of infected headsbeing only trace to 7.1 with one variety not infected. From the experimental results obtained in 1952 and 1954,it was found thatrelative stability in resistance to headblight existed among different wheat varie-ties,although there was great variation in varietal resistance due to the effect ofenvironmental factors.Two hybrids,5201 and 5204,were found to be muchmore resistant than all other varieties tested in both years.Hybrid 5204 gave ??0.9% of infected heads in 1952 and 3.4% in 1954,and hybrid 5201 gave5.5 and 9.0% of infected heads in the respective years.Both hybrids also possessother desirable characteristics such as early maturity,relative high yield,stiffystems,and high resistance to the stripe rust. Greenhouse studies were made in 1954 with two susceptible varieties ofwheat for testing their susceptibility to headblight at six different stages of deve-lopment from shooting to hard dough.Results indicated that the plant was sus-ceptible at all these stages of development with a tendency of being more heavilyinfected toward maturity.It was also observed that temperature had obvious effecton the degree of infection.Plants inoculated at flowering stage were more heavilyinfected when kept at 25℃ after inoculation than when kept at 15℃.However,the inoculated plants kept at 25℃ during the day and at 15℃ at night resultedin a degree of infection similar to those kept at 25℃ all the time.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat varieties differed greatly in headblight infection, but none was immune.
- Taxon
- WHEAT
Triticum aestivumt0 - Interactor
- GIBBERELLA ZEAE
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearumt0pathogen - Outcome
- degree of infectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Great differences were found in theirdegree of infection,although none of them was immune”
t0“WHEAT VARIETIES TO GIBBERELLA ZEAE”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1952, infected wheat heads ranged from 0.9 to 89.1 percent, with most varieties at 10 to 40 percent.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- GIBBERELLA ZEAEFusarium graminearumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- percentages of in-fected headse0
- Value
- 0.9 to 89.1e0
- Qualifier
- 10 to 40%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percentages of in-fected heads ranged from 0.9 to 89.1 with most of them having 10 to 40% infec-tion”
t0“WHEAT VARIETIES TO GIBBERELLA ZEAE”
Claim · model-written summary
Infection percentage was not definitely correlated with heading or maturity date.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- date of heading or of maturinge0
- Interactor
- GIBBERELLA ZEAEFusarium graminearumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- percentage of infectione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No definite correlation was seen between the percentage of infection andthe date of heading or of maturing”
t0“WHEAT VARIETIES TO GIBBERELLA ZEAE”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycelial and conidial suspensions were similarly effective for artificial inoculation.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- myceliale0
- Interactor
- GIBBERELLA ZEAEFusarium graminearumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- effective for artificial inoculatione0
- Direction
- similarlye0
- Comparator
- conidial suspensionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both mycelial andconidial suspensions were similarly effective for artificial inoculation”
t0“WHEAT VARIETIES TO GIBBERELLA ZEAE”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated plots had 4.2 to 77.7 percent infected heads, versus trace to 7.1 percent in uninoculated plots.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- inoculated plotse0
- Interactor
- GIBBERELLA ZEAEFusarium graminearumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- percentages of infected headse0
- Direction
- in contrast toe0
- Value
- 4.2 to 77.7e0
- Qualifier
- trace to 7.1e0
- Comparator
- uninoculated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The averagepercentages of infected heads in the inoculated plots ranged from 4.2 to 77.7 incontrast to the uninoculated plots where the average percentages of infected headsbeing only trace to 7.1”
t0“WHEAT VARIETIES TO GIBBERELLA ZEAE”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat varietal resistance was relatively stable across 1952 and 1954 despite environmental variation.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- GIBBERELLA ZEAEFusarium graminearumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistance to headblighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“relative stability in resistance to headblight existed among different wheat varie-ties,although there was great variation in varietal resistance due to the effect ofenvironmental factors”
t0“WHEAT VARIETIES TO GIBBERELLA ZEAE”
Claim · model-written summary
Hybrids 5201 and 5204 were more resistant than all other varieties in both years.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- 5201 and 5204e0
- Interactor
- GIBBERELLA ZEAEFusarium graminearumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistante0
- Direction
- muchmoree0
- Comparator
- all other varietiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two hybrids,5201 and 5204,were found to be muchmore resistant than all other varieties tested in both years”
t0“WHEAT VARIETIES TO GIBBERELLA ZEAE”
Claim · model-written summary
Hybrid 5204 had 0.9 percent infected heads in 1952 and 3.4 percent in 1954.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- 5204e0
- Interactor
- GIBBERELLA ZEAEFusarium graminearumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- infected headse0
- Value
- 0.9%e0
- Qualifier
- 3.4% in 1954e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hybrid 5204 gave ??0.9% of infected heads in 1952 and 3.4% in 1954”
t0“WHEAT VARIETIES TO GIBBERELLA ZEAE”
Claim · model-written summary
Hybrid 5201 had 5.5 and 9.0 percent infected heads in the respective years.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- 5201e0
- Interactor
- GIBBERELLA ZEAEFusarium graminearumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- infected headse0
- Value
- 9.0%e0
- Qualifier
- 5.5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hybrid 5201 gave5.5 and 9.0% of infected heads in the respective years”
t0“WHEAT VARIETIES TO GIBBERELLA ZEAE”
Claim · model-written summary
The two resistant wheat hybrids also had early maturity, relatively high yield, stiff stems and stripe rust resistance.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- early maturity,relative high yield,stiffystems,and high resistance to the stripe ruste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both hybrids also possessother desirable characteristics such as early maturity,relative high yield,stiffystems,and high resistance to the stripe rust”
t0“WHEAT VARIETIES TO GIBBERELLA ZEAE”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat was susceptible to headblight from shooting through hard dough, with heavier infection toward maturity.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- maturitye0
- Interactor
- GIBBERELLA ZEAEFusarium graminearumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- sus-ceptible at all these stages of developmente0
- Direction
- more heavilyinfectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the plant was sus-ceptible at all these stages of development with a tendency of being more heavilyinfected toward maturity”
t0“WHEAT VARIETIES TO GIBBERELLA ZEAE”
Claim · model-written summary
Flowering wheat inoculated and kept at 25℃ was more heavily infected than wheat kept at 15℃.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- flowering stagee0
- Treatment
- 25℃e0
- Interactor
- GIBBERELLA ZEAEFusarium graminearumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- heavilyinfectede0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- 15℃e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants inoculated at flowering stage were more heavilyinfected when kept at 25℃ after inoculation than when kept at 15℃”
t0“WHEAT VARIETIES TO GIBBERELLA ZEAE”
Claim · model-written summary
Daytime 25℃ and nighttime 15℃ produced infection similar to constant 25℃.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 25℃ during the day and at 15℃ at nighte0
- Interactor
- GIBBERELLA ZEAEFusarium graminearumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- degree of infectione0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- 25℃ all the timee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kept at 25℃ during the day and at 15℃ at night resultedin a degree of infection similar to those kept at 25℃ all the time”
t0“WHEAT VARIETIES TO GIBBERELLA ZEAE”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · Fusarium graminearum · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
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See all 25 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.