Abstract
Using friable embryogenic callus(FEC)of Dimocarpus longan Lour.cv.Honghezi as the material,we carried out the proteomic analysis of its growth processes by using the immobilized pH gradients two-dimensional electrophoresis technology and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF/TOF).The results showed that:(1)The total protein was from 400to800 during longan FEC development,and it showed a rising trend in general although its variation trend had in fluctuation.Isoelectric point of all proteins was distributed between 4and 7.Molecular weight of proteins of FEC during the normal development in longan was within 14-97 kD.The protein expression quantity was at relatively high within 30-66 kD,but within 30-45 kD it showed a rising trend and within45-66 kD it showed a reverse trend.(2)Sixty-six proteins related to longan FEC development were identified.28.79% of the proteins were unknown identity or function,30.30% of the proteins participated instress response and anti-oxidation,10.61% of the proteins were involved in energy and carbohydrate metabolism,10.61% of the proteins belonged to protein synthesis related,6.06% of the proteins were structural proteins involved in cytoskeleton remodeling,4.55% of the proteins were regulatory proteins,3.03%of the proteins were enzymes involved in nucleic acid metabolism.Additionally,1.52% of the proteins were associated with signal transduction and PCD,1.52%of the proteins were related to amino acid metabolism,1.52% of the proteins were lipid metabolism-related protein,and 1.52% of the proteins attached themselves to vitamin metabolism.(3)In the early stage(10-20d),the expression of redox proteins associated with FEC in longan(including ascorbate peroxidase R147,R158 and HC21,phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductase homolog TH6,glutathione peroxidase and peroxidase L26)was high,while the expression of peroxidase 4was in late stage(40-50d).Protein synthesis-related proteins showed a expression peak within20 d,besides protein isoform 1within 30 d.Different energy-associated proteins expressed more abundantly during whole period.There were S-adenosylmethionine synthetase(the enzyme related to precursors of polyamine)and a large number of peroxidase expression at the later stage of longan FEC development.It explained that the polyamine has not only the function like peroxidase for scavenging active oxygen,but enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Total protein rose overall from 400 to 800 during FEC development.
- Taxon
- Dimocarpus longan
Dimocarpus longane1 - Material
- Honghezie1
- Organ / stage
- FECe0
- Outcome
- total proteine0
- Direction
- rising trende0
- Value
- 400to800e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total protein was from 400to800 during longan FEC development,and it showed a rising trend in general”
e1“Dimocarpus longan Lour.cv.Honghezi”
Claim · model-written summary
FEC proteins had isoelectric points between 4 and 7.
- Taxon
- Dimocarpus longanDimocarpus longane1
- Outcome
- Isoelectric point of all proteinse0
- Value
- 4and 7e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isoelectric point of all proteins was distributed between 4and 7”
e1“Dimocarpus longan Lour.cv.Honghezi”
Claim · model-written summary
FEC proteins had molecular weights within 14–97 kD.
- Taxon
- longanDimocarpus longane0
- Outcome
- Molecular weight of proteins of FECe0
- Value
- 14-97 kDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Molecular weight of proteins of FEC during the normal development in longan was within 14-97 kD”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein expression was relatively high in the 30–66 kD range.
- Taxon
- Dimocarpus longanDimocarpus longane1
- Outcome
- protein expression quantitye0
- Direction
- relatively highe0
- Qualifier
- 30-66 kDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The protein expression quantity was at relatively high within 30-66 kD”
e1“Dimocarpus longan Lour.cv.Honghezi”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression in the 30–45 kD range rose.
- Taxon
- Dimocarpus longanDimocarpus longane2
- Outcome
- protein expression quantitye1
- Direction
- rising trende0
- Qualifier
- 30-45 kDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“within 30-45 kD it showed a rising trend”
e1“The protein expression quantity was at relatively high within 30-66 kD”
e2“Dimocarpus longan Lour.cv.Honghezi”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression in the 45–66 kD range showed the reverse trend.
- Taxon
- Dimocarpus longanDimocarpus longane2
- Outcome
- protein expression quantitye1
- Direction
- reverse trende0
- Qualifier
- within45-66 kDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“within45-66 kD it showed a reverse trend”
e1“The protein expression quantity was at relatively high within 30-66 kD”
e2“Dimocarpus longan Lour.cv.Honghezi”
Claim · model-written summary
Sixty-six proteins related to FEC development were identified.
- Taxon
- longanDimocarpus longane0
- Outcome
- proteins related to longan FEC development were identifiede0
- Value
- Sixty-sixe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sixty-six proteins related to longan FEC development were identified”
Claim · model-written summary
Identified proteins included the stated functional groups and proportions.
- Taxon
- Dimocarpus longanDimocarpus longane2
- Outcome
- proteins were unknown identity or functione0
- Value
- 28.79%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“28.79% of the proteins were unknown identity or function,30.30% of the proteins participated instress response and anti-oxidation,10.61% of the proteins were involved in energy and carbohydrate metabolism,10.61% of the proteins belonged to protein synthesis related,6.06% of the proteins were structural proteins involved in cytoskeleton remodeling,4.55% of the proteins were regulatory proteins,3.03%of the proteins were enzymes involved in nucleic acid metabolism”
e1“Additionally,1.52% of the proteins were associated with signal transduction and PCD,1.52%of the proteins were related to amino acid metabolism,1.52% of the proteins were lipid metabolism-related protein,and 1.52% of the proteins attached themselves to vitamin metabolism”
e2“Dimocarpus longan Lour.cv.Honghezi”
Claim · model-written summary
Early FEC development had high expression of several redox proteins.
- Taxon
- longanDimocarpus longane0
- Outcome
- expression of redox proteinse0
- Direction
- highe0
- Qualifier
- early stage(10-20d)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the early stage(10-20d),the expression of redox proteins associated with FEC in longan(including ascorbate peroxidase R147,R158 and HC21,phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductase homolog TH6,glutathione peroxidase and peroxidase L26)was high”
Claim · model-written summary
Peroxidase 4 expression occurred at the late stage.
- Taxon
- Dimocarpus longanDimocarpus longane1
- Gene
- peroxidase 4e0
- Outcome
- expression of peroxidase 4e0
- Qualifier
- late stage(40-50d)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression of peroxidase 4was in late stage(40-50d)”
e1“Dimocarpus longan Lour.cv.Honghezi”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein synthesis proteins peaked within 20 days.
- Taxon
- Dimocarpus longanDimocarpus longane1
- Outcome
- Protein synthesis-related proteins showed a expression peake0
- Direction
- peake0
- Qualifier
- within20 de0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Protein synthesis-related proteins showed a expression peak within20 d”
e1“Dimocarpus longan Lour.cv.Honghezi”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein isoform 1 peaked within 30 days.
- Taxon
- Dimocarpus longanDimocarpus longane2
- Gene
- protein isoform 1e0
- Outcome
- protein isoform 1e0
- Qualifier
- within 30 de0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“protein isoform 1within 30 d”
e1“Protein synthesis-related proteins showed a expression peak within20 d”
e2“Dimocarpus longan Lour.cv.Honghezi”
Claim · model-written summary
Different energy-associated proteins were abundant throughout development.
- Taxon
- Dimocarpus longanDimocarpus longane1
- Outcome
- energy-associated proteinse0
- Direction
- more abundantlye0
- Qualifier
- whole periode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Different energy-associated proteins expressed more abundantly during whole period”
e1“Dimocarpus longan Lour.cv.Honghezi”
Claim · model-written summary
S-adenosylmethionine synthetase and many peroxidases were expressed late.
- Taxon
- longanDimocarpus longane0
- Outcome
- S-adenosylmethionine synthetase(the enzyme related to precursors of polyamine)and a large number of peroxidase expressione0
- Qualifier
- later stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S-adenosylmethionine synthetase(the enzyme related to precursors of polyamine)and a large number of peroxidase expression at the later stage of longan FEC development”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors infer polyamine scavenges active oxygen and enhances antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- longanDimocarpus longane1
- Compound
- polyaminee0
- Outcome
- scavenging active oxygene0
- Qualifier
- enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“polyamine has not only the function like peroxidase for scavenging active oxygen,but enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes”
e1“later stage of longan FEC development”