Abstract
Experiments were conducted to determine adaptation characteristics to reduced irradiance of velvetleaf, common lambsquarters, eastern black nightshade, tumble pigweed, and soybean. Plants were grown to the 5- to 8-leaf stage in the greenhouse at ambient radiation (850 μE·m –2 ·s –1 ), and 26 and 13% of ambient radiation. Tumble pigweed, a C 4 plant, had the highest light-saturated photosynthetic rates at all growth irradiances, while common lambsquarters had the highest rates of the four C 3 species. All species adjusted to reduced irradiance by decreasing light-saturated photosynthesis, leaf respiration rates, root:shoot ratios, and leaf densities, while increasing leaf area ratios (LAR) 3 . As growth irradiance was reduced, support tissues (roots, stems, and petioles):leaf ratios did not change for common lambsquarters or velvetleaf, increased for soybean, and decreased for eastern black nightshade and tumble pigweed, indicating superior adaptation of the latter two species for efficient light harvesting at reduced growth irradiances. Of these five species, eastern black nightshade had the lowest respiration rate, the highest LAR, and the lowest support:leaf ratio for optimum adaptation to shaded environments.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Tumble pigweed had the highest light-saturated photosynthetic rates at every growth irradiance.
Verbatim
e0“Tumble pigweed, a C 4 plant, had the highest light-saturated photosynthetic rates at all growth irradiances”
Claim · model-written summary
Common lambsquarters had the highest photosynthetic rates among the four C3 species.
- Taxon
- common lambsquarters
Chenopodium albume0 - Outcome
- ratese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- four C 3 speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“common lambsquarters had the highest rates of the four C 3 species”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced irradiance decreased light-saturated photosynthesis, leaf respiration and root:shoot ratios in all species.
- Taxon
- All speciese0
- Treatment
- reduced irradiancee0
- Outcome
- light-saturated photosynthesis, leaf respiration rates, root:shoot ratiose0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“All species adjusted to reduced irradiance by decreasing light-saturated photosynthesis, leaf respiration rates, root:shoot ratios”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced irradiance decreased leaf densities in all species.
- Outcome
- leaf densitiese0
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“and leaf densities, while increasing leaf area ratios (LAR)”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced irradiance increased leaf area ratios in all species.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“increasing leaf area ratios (LAR)”
Claim · model-written summary
Support tissue to leaf ratios did not change in common lambsquarters or velvetleaf as irradiance declined.
- Taxon
- common lambsquarters or velvetleafChenopodium album
Abutilon theophrastie0 - Outcome
- support tissues (roots, stems, and petioles):leaf ratiose0
- Direction
- did not changee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“support tissues (roots, stems, and petioles):leaf ratios did not change for common lambsquarters or velvetleaf”
Claim · model-written summary
Support tissue to leaf ratios increased in soybean as irradiance declined.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Outcome
- increasede0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased for soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Support tissue to leaf ratios decreased in eastern black nightshade and tumble pigweed as irradiance declined.
Verbatim
e0“decreased for eastern black nightshade and tumble pigweed”
Claim · model-written summary
Eastern black nightshade had the lowest respiration rate, highest leaf area ratio and lowest support to leaf ratio among the five species.
- Taxon
- eastern black nightshade
Solanum ptychanthume0 - Outcome
- lowest respiration rate, the highest LAR, and the lowest support:leaf ratioe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“eastern black nightshade had the lowest respiration rate, the highest LAR, and the lowest support:leaf ratio”