Abstract
The influence of calcium channel blockers and ionophore on Cu2+-induced changes of the photosynthetic activity of runner bean plants (Phaseolus coccineus L.) was investigated. Excess Cu2+ was applied to leaves by injection or via the roots to examine a short/local or a long time/systemic effect of this metal, respectively. The changes in fluorescence parameters indicated that the mechanism of toxic action of Cu2+ ions on the photosynthetic apparatus was only partially connected with Ca2+ or Ca2+ channels. In young plants Ca2+ diminished especially photochemical and nonphotochemical dissipative processes induced by short- and long-term influence of excess Cu2+. Blocking of Ca2+ channels did not change direct Cu2+ action on the photosynthetic activity, however, their opening distinctly intensified the inhibitory effect of the metal. After a longer accumulation peri od the effect of Cu2+ ions did not change significantly due to modified Ca2+ penetration through membranes (except that caused by La3+). Copper directly introduced into older leaves diminished only at its highest concentration the activity both of the donor and acceptor sides of photosystem 2 (PS2) connected with Rfd decrease and increase of LNU. A similar effect was observed also after a long-term Cu2+ action, but disturbances on the acceptor side of PS2 were observed only at a higher Ca2+ content in the nutrient solution. Ca2+ ions, particularly after openning of channels, intensified direct inhibitory Cu2+ action on the photosynthetic activity expressed by decreased values of Fv/F0 and Rfd. Lanthanum and verapamil, at a lower Ca2+ content in the medium, decreased the photosynthetic activity of Cu2+-treated plants. This effect was also seen after additional Ca2+ supply to the leaves.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Ca2+ diminished copper-induced photochemical and nonphotochemical dissipative processes in young plants.
- Taxon
- Bean Plantst0
- Treatment
- Ca2+e0
- Outcome
- photochemical and nonphotochemical dissipative processese0
- Direction
- diminishede0
- Qualifier
- young plantse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“In young plants Ca2+ diminished especially photochemical and nonphotochemical dissipative processes induced by short- and long-term influence of excess Cu2+.”
t0“Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Blocking Ca2+ channels did not change direct copper action on photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- Bean Plantst0
- Treatment
- Blocking of Ca2+ channelse0
- Outcome
- direct Cu2+ action on the photosynthetic activitye0
- Direction
- did not changee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Blocking of Ca2+ channels did not change direct Cu2+ action on the photosynthetic activity, however, their opening distinctly intensified the inhibitory effect of the metal.”
t0“Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Opening Ca2+ channels intensified copper inhibition.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Blocking of Ca2+ channels did not change direct Cu2+ action on the photosynthetic activity, however, their opening distinctly intensified the inhibitory effect of the metal.”
t0“Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Modified Ca2+ membrane penetration generally did not significantly change copper effects after longer accumulation, except with La3+.
- Taxon
- Bean Plantst0
- Treatment
- modified Ca2+ penetration through membranese0
- Outcome
- effect of Cu2+ ionse0
- Direction
- did not changee0
- Qualifier
- except that caused by La3+e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“After a longer accumulation peri od the effect of Cu2+ ions did not change significantly due to modified Ca2+ penetration through membranes (except that caused by La3+).”
t0“Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Direct copper exposure at the highest concentration diminished donor and acceptor PS2 activity in older leaves.
- Taxon
- Bean Plantst0
- Organ / stage
- older leavese0
- Treatment
- Copper directly introducede0
- Outcome
- activity both of the donor and acceptor sides of photosystem 2 (PS2)e0
- Direction
- diminishede0
- Qualifier
- only at its highest concentratione0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Copper directly introduced into older leaves diminished only at its highest concentration the activity both of the donor and acceptor sides of photosystem 2 (PS2) connected with Rfd decrease and increase of LNU.”
t0“Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-term copper exposure produced a similar PS2 effect.
Verbatim
e0“A similar effect was observed also after a long-term Cu2+ action, but disturbances on the acceptor side of PS2 were observed only at a higher Ca2+ content in the nutrient solution.”
t0“Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
PS2 acceptor-side disturbances occurred only with higher Ca2+ in nutrient solution.
- Taxon
- Bean Plantst0
- Compound
- Ca2+e0
- Outcome
- disturbances on the acceptor side of PS2e0
- Qualifier
- only at a higher Ca2+ content in the nutrient solutione0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“A similar effect was observed also after a long-term Cu2+ action, but disturbances on the acceptor side of PS2 were observed only at a higher Ca2+ content in the nutrient solution.”
t0“Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca2+, especially after channel opening, intensified direct copper inhibition of photosynthetic activity.
- Taxon
- Bean Plantst0
- Treatment
- Ca2+ ionse0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic activitye0
- Direction
- intensifiede0
- Qualifier
- particularly after openning of channelse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Ca2+ ions, particularly after openning of channels, intensified direct inhibitory Cu2+ action on the photosynthetic activity expressed by decreased values of Fv/F0 and Rfd.”
t0“Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Lanthanum decreased photosynthetic activity in copper-treated plants at lower medium Ca2+.
- Taxon
- Bean Plantst0
- Treatment
- Lanthanume0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- at a lower Ca2+ content in the mediume0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Lanthanum and verapamil, at a lower Ca2+ content in the medium, decreased the photosynthetic activity of Cu2+-treated plants.”
t0“Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
verapamil decreased photosynthetic activity in copper-treated plants at lower medium Ca2+.
- Taxon
- Bean Plantst0
- Treatment
- verapamile0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- at a lower Ca2+ content in the mediume0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Lanthanum and verapamil, at a lower Ca2+ content in the medium, decreased the photosynthetic activity of Cu2+-treated plants.”
t0“Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The lanthanum and verapamil effect also occurred after extra leaf Ca2+ supply.
Verbatim
e0“This effect was also seen after additional Ca2+ supply to the leaves.”
t0“Bean Plants”
The same questions in other papers
calcium(2+) · physiology: photosynthesis · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
calcium(2+) · nutrient: content · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
copper atom · molecular: metabolites · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.