Abstract
【Objective】In the study, ethylene accumulation rate, GA levels, IAA content and correlative gene expression levels in leaves of chrysanthemum under low light condition during shade avoidance symptoms was assayed, to explore the shade tolerant mechanism.【Method】Chrysanthemum ‘Puma Sunny' was assayed under 55% irradiance(control group) and 15% irradiance(low light treatment). GA and IAA contents on 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 d were measured by high performance liquid chromatograph Agilent 6890 N GC system, the relative expression level was measured on 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 d using GAPDH as reference gene. The concentrations of GA3 were set at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mmol·L-1, with a proper the amount of ethanol dissolution, the final concentration ethanol was 1%. The sample was treated on 4 d and 8 d using the above ground spraying. The concentrations of PAC were set at 10, 20, 50 and100 μmol·L-1, with a proper amount of ethanol dissolution, the final concentration of ethanol was 1%. The results showed that 2.0 mmol·L-1 GA3, and 50 μmol·L-1 PAC showed impacts on plant growth significantly. After treatment on 0 d and 7 d, the sample was collected on 14 d for analysis of gene expression.【Result】The ethylene level increased markedly on 2 and 4 d, especially on 4 d, and it was 2.04 times more than that of CK. After 6 d, the ethylene level between CK and treatment was not significant. The plant ethylene generation rate under 15% low light conditions was higher than that of 55% irradiance. The gibberellin content in leaves increased significantly on day 2, 4 and 6 compared with the control, the peak appeared on the 6 d, reached 4700.56 ng·g-1, 2.57 times higher than the control, then decreased quickly, and down to control level on the 8 d. With the prolonging of treatment time, the content of auxin in control group showed an increasing trend, weak light treatment group decreased. On the 8 day, the auxin content in treatment group was 223.95 ng·g-1 FW, and that in the control group was 489.77 ng·g-1 FW. The IAA content of the control groupment was 1.12 times higher than that of the treatment group. In the second day of weak light treatment, the expression level of PHYA increased rapidly, 2-6 d with a smaller velocity, 6-8 d kept unchanged, but the control group began to decline from the second day. The change of the expression of PLYA in the treatment group from 4 to 8 day was higher than that of control group. The expression level of PIF4 of the control and the treatment kept the same change trend, from 0 to 6 day the difference was that on 4-8 day the treatment group was higher than the control, especially on the sixth day, it was 1.85 times higher than the control. COP1 gene in control group showed a slow decreasing trend while treatment group increased first and then decreased, the peak appeared on the second day, and on 8 d down to the control group. In the whole process, GAI in the treatment group tended to increase continuously,the control group that in increased slightly on 0-4 day and then declined rapidly. The expression of IAA1 in the treatment group and control group on the 0-2 d increased slightly, and that in the control group on the 2-4 d decreased rapidly. After 2 days, the expression level of IAA1 changed little. Irradiance at 15% induced the PHYA, COP1, IAA1 and PIF4 gene expression. Irradiance at 15% increased GAI transcript level. Exogenous GA inhibited the expression of COP1 and PIF4 expression and down regulated GAI and IAA1 level. PAC inhibited the expression of COP1, PIF4, GAI and IAA1.【Conclusion】All these data indicated that the expression of PHYA, COP1, IAA1 and PIF4 was induced by low light, the GAI transcript level increased under low light. GA and ethylene involved in shade avoidance process of chrysanthemum.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Low light increased ethylene at days 2 and 4, reaching 2.04 times control at day 4.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum
.jpeg?width=60)
Chrysanthemumt0 - Treatment
- low lightt1
- Outcome
- ethylene levele0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2.04 timese0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpeg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The ethylene level increased markedly on 2 and 4 d, especially on 4 d, and it was 2.04 times more than that of CK.”
t0“Chrysanthemum”
t1“Low Light Intensity”
Claim · model-written summary
After day 6, ethylene levels did not differ significantly between control and low light.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- low lightt1
- Outcome
- ethylene levele0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 6 d, the ethylene level between CK and treatment was not significant.”
t0“Chrysanthemum”
t1“Low Light Intensity”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene generation was higher at 15% than 55% irradiance.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- 15% low light conditionse0
- Outcome
- ethylene generation ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- 55% irradiancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The plant ethylene generation rate under 15% low light conditions was higher than that of 55% irradiance.”
t0“Chrysanthemum”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf gibberellin increased at days 2, 4 and 6, peaking at 4700.56 ng·g-1 on day 6, 2.57 times control.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- low lightt1
- Outcome
- gibberellin contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4700.56 ng·g-1e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The gibberellin content in leaves increased significantly on day 2, 4 and 6 compared with the control, the peak appeared on the 6 d, reached 4700.56 ng·g-1, 2.57 times higher than the control”
t0“Chrysanthemum”
t1“Low Light Intensity”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf gibberellin returned to control level by day 8.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- low lightt1
- Outcome
- gibberelline1
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“then decreased quickly, and down to control level on the 8 d.”
t0“Chrysanthemum”
t1“Low Light Intensity”
e1“The gibberellin content in leaves increased significantly on day 2, 4 and 6 compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin increased over time in controls but decreased under low light.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- weak light treatmente0
- Outcome
- content of auxine0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the content of auxin in control group showed an increasing trend, weak light treatment group decreased.”
t0“Chrysanthemum”
Claim · model-written summary
Day 8 auxin was 223.95 ng·g-1 FW under low light versus 489.77 ng·g-1 FW in controls.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- low lightt1
- Outcome
- auxin contente0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Value
- 223.95 ng·g-1 FWe0
- Qualifier
- 489.77 ng·g-1 FWe0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the 8 day, the auxin content in treatment group was 223.95 ng·g-1 FW, and that in the control group was 489.77 ng·g-1 FW.”
t0“Chrysanthemum”
t1“Low Light Intensity”
Claim · model-written summary
Low light increased PHYA expression from day 2.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- weak light treatmente0
- Gene
- PHYAe0
- Outcome
- expression level of PHYAe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the second day of weak light treatment, the expression level of PHYA increased rapidly”
t0“Chrysanthemum”
Claim · model-written summary
PLYA expression at days 4 to 8 was higher under treatment than control.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- low lightt1
- Gene
- PLYAe0
- Outcome
- expression of PLYAe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The change of the expression of PLYA in the treatment group from 4 to 8 day was higher than that of control group.”
t0“Chrysanthemum”
t1“Low Light Intensity”
Claim · model-written summary
Low light raised PIF4 expression above control, by 1.85 times on day 6.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- low lightt1
- Gene
- PIF4e1
- Outcome
- expression level of PIF4e1
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.85 timese0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the treatment group was higher than the control, especially on the sixth day, it was 1.85 times higher than the control.”
e1“The expression level of PIF4 of the control and the treatment kept the same change trend”
t0“Chrysanthemum”
t1“Low Light Intensity”
Claim · model-written summary
COP1 expression rose then fell under low light, peaking on day 2 and returning to control by day 8.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Gene
- COP1e0
- Outcome
- COP1 genee0
- Direction
- increased first and then decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“COP1 gene in control group showed a slow decreasing trend while treatment group increased first and then decreased, the peak appeared on the second day, and on 8 d down to the control group.”
t0“Chrysanthemum”
Claim · model-written summary
GAI expression rose continuously in the low light treatment.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Gene
- GAIe0
- Outcome
- GAIe0
- Direction
- increase continuouslye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the whole process, GAI in the treatment group tended to increase continuously”
t0“Chrysanthemum”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA1 expression rose slightly in both groups on days 0 to 2 and then fell rapidly in controls on days 2 to 4.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Gene
- IAA1e0
- Outcome
- expression of IAA1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of IAA1 in the treatment group and control group on the 0-2 d increased slightly, and that in the control group on the 2-4 d decreased rapidly.”
t0“Chrysanthemum”
Claim · model-written summary
Low light induced PHYA, COP1 and IAA1 expression.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- Irradiance at 15%e0
- Outcome
- PHYA, COP1, IAA1 and PIF4 gene expressione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irradiance at 15% induced the PHYA, COP1, IAA1 and PIF4 gene expression.”
t0“Chrysanthemum”
Claim · model-written summary
Low light increased GAI transcript level.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- Irradiance at 15%e0
- Gene
- GAIe0
- Outcome
- GAI transcript levele0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irradiance at 15% increased GAI transcript level.”
t0“Chrysanthemum”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous GA inhibited COP1 and PIF4 expression.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- Exogenous GAe0
- Outcome
- expression of COP1 and PIF4e0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous GA inhibited the expression of COP1 and PIF4 expression and down regulated GAI and IAA1 level.”
t0“Chrysanthemum”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous GA downregulated GAI and IAA1.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- Exogenous GAe0
- Outcome
- GAI and IAA1 levele0
- Direction
- down regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous GA inhibited the expression of COP1 and PIF4 expression and down regulated GAI and IAA1 level.”
t0“Chrysanthemum”
Claim · model-written summary
PAC inhibited COP1, PIF4 and GAI expression.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- PACe0
- Outcome
- expression of COP1, PIF4, GAI and IAA1e0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PAC inhibited the expression of COP1, PIF4, GAI and IAA1.”
t0“Chrysanthemum”
The same questions in other papers
light · molecular: metabolites · ChrysanthemumPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.