Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the trichothecenes produced by Fusarium graminearum (teleomorph: Gibberella zeae), an important pathogen causing wheat head scab (WHS). The role of DON in WHS pathogenesis was investigated using GZ3639, a DON producing wild type strain, and GZT40, a trichothecene non-producing strain due to disruption of a trichothecene biosynthesis gene Tri5. In inoculation experiments, GZ3639 caused typical WHS symptoms, whereby the pathogen colonized the inoculated floret and spread to neighboring spikelets, and GZT40 only colonized the inoculated floret, producing atypical symptoms. When the inoculum was added with DON (400 μg·mL -1), GZT40 could successfully earlier by colonize the inoculated floret earlier by 2 days (on a susceptible cultivar) to 4 days (on a resistant cultivar) in comparison with DON-free treatment. Moreover, with DON treatment, GZT40 was able to spread 1-3 spikelets upward or downward from the point of inoculation on both susceptible and resistant cultivars. The mean percentage of diseased spikelets was 2.8% when the plants were inoculated with GZT40, while it was 12.5% when DON was added. Similar results were obtained for GZ3639. When the plants were treated with DON, the time needed for successful colonization of a floret was shortened by 1 day (on a susceptible cultivar) to 2 days (on a resistant cultivar), and the percentage of diseased spikelets was 100% in comparison with 78% when inoculated with GZ3639 alone. Therefore, it is concluded that trichothecenes play a key role in symptom development as well as in pathogen spread within host tissues. If a pathogen strain has lost its ability to produce trichothecenes, it is still able to colonize, but is unable to spread. Spread within host tissues is restored to some extent with the addition of DON.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
GZ3639 caused typical head scab and spread to neighboring spikelets.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Interactor
- pathogene0pathogen
- Outcome
- typical WHS symptomse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GZ3639 caused typical WHS symptoms, whereby the pathogen colonized the inoculated floret and spread to neighboring spikelets”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
GZT40 colonized only the inoculated floret and produced atypical symptoms.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- GZT40e0pathogen
- Outcome
- atypical symptomse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GZT40 only colonized the inoculated floret, producing atypical symptoms”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
DON advanced GZT40 colonization by 2 to 4 days.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- DONe0
- Interactor
- GZT40e0pathogen
- Outcome
- colonize the inoculated florete0
- Direction
- earliere0
- Value
- 2 dayse0
- Comparator
- DON-free treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GZT40 could successfully earlier by colonize the inoculated floret earlier by 2 days (on a susceptible cultivar) to 4 days (on a resistant cultivar) in comparison with DON-free treatment”
t0“deoxynivalenol in pathogenesis of wheat head scab”
Claim · model-written summary
DON enabled GZT40 to spread 1-3 spikelets.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- DON treatmente0
- Interactor
- GZT40e0pathogen
- Outcome
- GZT40 was able to spreade0
- Direction
- spreade0
- Value
- 1-3 spikeletse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with DON treatment, GZT40 was able to spread 1-3 spikelets upward or downward from the point of inoculation on both susceptible and resistant cultivars”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
DON raised diseased spikelets from 2.8% to 12.5% with GZT40.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- DON was addede0
- Interactor
- GZT40e0pathogen
- Outcome
- percentage of diseased spikeletse0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 12.5%e0
- Comparator
- inoculated with GZT40e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mean percentage of diseased spikelets was 2.8% when the plants were inoculated with GZT40, while it was 12.5% when DON was added”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
DON shortened GZ3639 floret colonization by 1 to 2 days.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- DONe0
- Outcome
- time needed for successful colonization of a florete0
- Direction
- shortenede0
- Value
- 1 daye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When the plants were treated with DON, the time needed for successful colonization of a floret was shortened by 1 day (on a susceptible cultivar) to 2 days (on a resistant cultivar)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
DON raised diseased spikelets to 100% versus 78% with GZ3639 alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- deoxynivalenolt0
- Outcome
- percentage of diseased spikeletse0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Comparator
- GZ3639 alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the percentage of diseased spikelets was 100% in comparison with 78% when inoculated with GZ3639 alone”
t0“deoxynivalenol in pathogenesis of wheat head scab”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichothecenes were concluded to be key to symptoms and spread.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Compound
- trichothecenese0
- Outcome
- symptom development as well as in pathogen spread within host tissuese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“trichothecenes play a key role in symptom development as well as in pathogen spread within host tissues”
t0“wheat”
The same questions in other papers
deoxynivalenol · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.