Abstract
In this study, a total of nine different biotransformation products of the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) formed in wheat during detoxification of the toxin are characterized by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). The detected metabolites suggest that DON is conjugated to endogenous metabolites via two major metabolism routes, namely 1) glucosylation (DON-3-glucoside, DON-di-hexoside, 15-acetyl-DON-3-glucoside, DON-malonylglucoside) and 2) glutathione conjugation (DON-S-glutathione, "DON-2H"-S-glutathione, DON-S-cysteinyl-glycine and DON-S-cysteine). Furthermore, conjugation of DON to a putative sugar alcohol (hexitol) was found. A molar mass balance for the cultivar 'Remus' treated with 1 mg DON revealed that under the test conditions approximately 15% of the added DON were transformed into DON-3-glucoside and another 19% were transformed to the remaining eight biotransformation products or irreversibly bound to the plant matrix. Additionally, metabolite abundance was monitored as a function of time for each DON derivative and was established for six DON treated wheat lines (1 mg/ear) differing in resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) Fhb1 and/or Qfhs.ifa-5A. All cultivars carrying QTL Fhb1 showed similar metabolism kinetics: Formation of DON-Glc was faster, while DON-GSH production was less efficient compared to cultivars which lacked the resistance QTL Fhb1. Moreover, all wheat lines harboring Fhb1 showed significantly elevated D3G/DON abundance ratios.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Nine DON biotransformation products were characterized in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Outcome
- biotransformation productse0
- Value
- ninee0
FusariumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a total of nine different biotransformation products of the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) formed in wheat during detoxification of the toxin are characterized”
Claim · model-written summary
DON metabolites indicated glucosylation as a major detoxification route.
- Outcome
- glucosylatione0
- Qualifier
- DON-3-glucoside, DON-di-hexoside, 15-acetyl-DON-3-glucoside, DON-malonylglucosidee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The detected metabolites suggest that DON is conjugated to endogenous metabolites via two major metabolism routes, namely 1) glucosylation (DON-3-glucoside, DON-di-hexoside, 15-acetyl-DON-3-glucoside, DON-malonylglucoside)”
Claim · model-written summary
DON metabolites indicated glutathione conjugation as another major route.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- glutathione conjugatione0
- Qualifier
- DON-S-glutathione, "DON-2H"-S-glutathione, DON-S-cysteinyl-glycine and DON-S-cysteinee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glutathione conjugation (DON-S-glutathione, "DON-2H"-S-glutathione, DON-S-cysteinyl-glycine and DON-S-cysteine)”
t0“Wheat Lines”
Claim · model-written summary
DON was also conjugated to a putative sugar alcohol.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- conjugation of DON to a putative sugar alcohol (hexitol)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“conjugation of DON to a putative sugar alcohol (hexitol) was found”
t0“Wheat Lines”
Claim · model-written summary
About 15% of added DON was converted to DON-3-glucoside in Remus.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Remuse0
- Treatment
- 1 mg DONe0
- Outcome
- DON-3-glucosidee0
- Direction
- transformede0
- Value
- 15%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the cultivar 'Remus' treated with 1 mg DON revealed that under the test conditions approximately 15% of the added DON were transformed into DON-3-glucoside”
t0“Wheat Lines”
Claim · model-written summary
Another 19% of DON became other products or was irreversibly bound in Remus.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Remuse1
- Treatment
- 1 mg DONe1
- Outcome
- remaining eight biotransformation products or irreversibly bound to the plant matrixe0
- Direction
- transformede0
- Value
- 19%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“another 19% were transformed to the remaining eight biotransformation products or irreversibly bound to the plant matrix”
e1“the cultivar 'Remus' treated with 1 mg DON”
t0“Wheat Lines”
Claim · model-written summary
DON-Glc formed faster in Fhb1 lines than lines lacking Fhb1.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- Fhb1e1
- Outcome
- Formation of DON-Glce0
- Direction
- fastere0
- Comparator
- cultivars which lacked the resistance QTL Fhb1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Formation of DON-Glc was faster, while DON-GSH production was less efficient compared to cultivars which lacked the resistance QTL Fhb1”
e1“All cultivars carrying QTL Fhb1 showed similar metabolism kinetics”
t0“Wheat Lines”
Claim · model-written summary
DON-GSH production was less efficient in Fhb1 lines than lines lacking Fhb1.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- Fhb1e1
- Outcome
- DON-GSH productione0
- Direction
- less efficiente0
- Comparator
- cultivars which lacked the resistance QTL Fhb1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DON-GSH production was less efficient compared to cultivars which lacked the resistance QTL Fhb1”
e1“All cultivars carrying QTL Fhb1 showed similar metabolism kinetics”
t0“Wheat Lines”
Claim · model-written summary
Fhb1 wheat lines had significantly elevated D3G/DON abundance ratios.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Gene
- Fhb1e0
- Outcome
- D3G/DON abundance ratiose0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all wheat lines harboring Fhb1 showed significantly elevated D3G/DON abundance ratios”
The same questions in other papers
deoxynivalenol · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.